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1
Q

What is Filtration used to separate?

A

Insoluble Solid from a Liquid

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2
Q

What is Crystallisation used to separate?

A

Soluble Solid from a Solution

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3
Q

What is separated during Chromatography?

A

Separating mixtures

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4
Q

What is separated during Paper chromatography?

A

Dyes - inks, paints and food colouring’s

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5
Q

What is separated in Distillation?

A

Mixtures containing Liquids?

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6
Q

What are the two types of Distillation?

A

Simple and Fractional

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7
Q

What is Simple Distillation used to separate?

A

Liquids from Solutions

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8
Q

What is Fractional Distillation used to separate?

A

Mixtures of Liquids

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9
Q

Who created the periodic Table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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10
Q

What is referred to by the group and period of an element?

A

Group - The number of electrons in the outer shell

Period - The number of electron shells

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11
Q

Where are Metals and Non-Metals on the periodic table?

A

Metals are on the bottom/left

Non-Metals are on the top/right

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12
Q

Are metal oxides basic or acidic?

A

Basic - They will have a pH lower than 7

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13
Q

Are non-Metal oxides basic or acidic?

A

Acidic - they will have a pH less than 7

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14
Q

What are the name of Group 0 elements? And what properties do they have?

A

Noble Gases
They are inert (very sparse reactions)
Colourless gas

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15
Q

Why do atoms try and gain/lose electrons?

A

To form full electron shells

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16
Q

T/F - Ionic compounds have a lattice structure?

A

True

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17
Q

Why are ionic bonds very strong?

A

They have a giant (ionic) structure, the ions are held together in a closely packed 3D lattice arrangement.

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18
Q

Are ionic compounds electrical conductors?

A

When Solid - No

When melted into a liquid or dissolved in water - Yes

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19
Q

Explain Diamonds structure?

A

Diamond is made up of a network of Carbon atoms, each forming four covalent bonds. The numerous strong covalent bonds are tough to break. This means Diamond has a high melting point and a very rigid lattice structure.

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20
Q

Explain Graphite’s structure?

A

In graphite, each carbon atom has only three covalent bonds, creating layers of carbon atoms. The layers are held together weakly by inter-molecular forces, so slide freely over each other. Making graphite soft and slippery. Graphite has a high melting point and conducts electricity.

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21
Q

What is the name of group 1 elements?

A

Alkali Metals

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22
Q

What is the name of group 2 elements?

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

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23
Q

What is the name of group 3 elements?

A

Rare-Earth Metals

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24
Q

What is the name of group 4 elements?

A

Transition Metals

25
Q

What is the name of group 5 elements?

A

Transition Metals

26
Q

What is the name of group 6 elements?

A

Refractory Metals

27
Q

What is the name of group 7 elements?

A

Halogens

28
Q

What is the molar mass of Carbon?

A

12g - The Ar of carbon is 12

29
Q

What is the range of values possible for a percentage yield? And what do they mean?

A

0% - 100%
0% = No reactants were converted into products
100% = All the expected product was achieved

30
Q

How can you find the Empirical Formulae using Combustion?

A

1 - Heat a crucible until it is red hot (to make it clean/sterile)
2 - Weigh the crucible (with lid)
3 - Add Magnesium Ribbon to the crucible. Reweigh it to find the mass of magnesium ribbon.
4 - Heat the crucible with the Mg in and lid wit ha slight gap open
5 - Heat strongly for around 10 minutes, until all Mg has turned white.
6 - Reweigh the crucible and find the mass of the MgO

31
Q

What is the difference between an anhydrous and hydrated salt?

A 
Hydrated = salt containing water (of crystallisation)
Anhydrous = salt with no water (of crystallisation)
32
Q

What is a concentration usually measured in?

A

moles per dm^3 / grams per dm^3

33
Q

State the relationship between dm^3, cm^3 and litres

A

1dm^3 = 1000cm^3 = 1 litre

34
Q 
Alkali Metals (Group 1's)
- What is the oxide formed when LITHIUM reacts with water?
A

Lithium Oxide - Li20

35
Q 
Alkali Metals (Group 1's)
- What is the oxides are formed when SODIUM reacts with water?
A

A mixture of;
Sodium Oxide - Na20
Sodium Peroxide - Na2O2

36
Q 
Alkali Metals (Group 1's)
- What is the oxides are formed when POTSSIUM reacts with water?
A

A mixture of;
Potassium Peroxide - K2O2
Potassium Superoxide - KO2

37
Q

As you go down the Group 1 elements, they become ………. reactive.

A

More

38
Q

Name 3 group 1 elements

A

Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Caesium (Cs), Francium (Fr)

39
Q

Describe the appearance and reactivity of Halogen;

Chlorine - Cl2

A

Fairly reactive, poisonous green gas

40
Q

Describe the appearance and characteristics of Halogen;

Bromine - Br2

A

A poisonous, red-brown liquid, which give off an orange vapour at Room Temp.

41
Q

Describe the appearance and characteristics of Halogen;

Iodine - I2

A

A dark grey crystalline solid which give off a purple vapour when heated

42
Q

As the atomic number of Halogens increases, what happens to elements

A

They appear darker in colour

They have a higher boiling point

43
Q

What gas compositions make up the atmosphere?

A
  • 78% Nitrogen
  • 21% Oxygen
  • nearly 1% Argon
  • only 0.04% Carbon dioxide
44
Q

What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of Carbon Dioxide?

A

0.04%

45
Q

What element can be used to determine oxygen percentages in the air?

A

Iron

46
Q

How can the percentage of oxygen in the air be determined?

A

Place Iron wool in a measuring cylinder and invert the cylinder in water.
Record the starting position of water on the beaker.
Leave the water to rise. (nearly a week).
Record the final position of water in the the measuring cylinder.

47
Q

What metal element will not react with Water or Steam?

A

Copper

48
Q

What is the range of the pH scale?

A

1 - 14

49
Q

What is the strongest acid and strongest alkali possible?

A

Strongest acid - 0

Strongest Alkali - 14

50
Q

What are the units of Delta H (Enthalpy change)

A

KJ/mol

51
Q

Is an enthalpy change positive or negative?

A

It can be both - Endo or Exo

52
Q

If a reaction is Exothermic, is the value positive or negative

A

Negative as the reaction is giving out energy. Losing Energy

53
Q

If a reaction is Endothermic, is the value positive or negative

A

Positive as the reaction is taking in energy. Gaining Energy

54
Q

Give an example of a reversible reaction.

A

The thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride

NH4Cl(s) <=> NH3 + HCl

55
Q

What are the 4 GCSE functional groups?

A

Alkenes/Alkanes
Alcohols
Carboxylic Acids
Esters

56
Q

The catalysts used in Cracking are
- Alumina
- Silica
What are the formula for these two catalysts?

A 
Alumina = Al2O3
Silica = SiO2
57
Q

Is burning Hydrocarbons and endo or exo thermic reaction?

A

Exothermic - They are fuels!!!

58
Q

How is Sulphur dioxide produced in the burning of crude oil?

A

Sulphur impurities in the hydrocarbon fuels

59
Q

What name is given to the products of Halogens reacting with Alkanes?

A

Haloalkanes

GCSE Chem (19 decks)

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