Questions Flashcards
What is Filtration used to separate?
Insoluble Solid from a Liquid
What is Crystallisation used to separate?
Soluble Solid from a Solution
What is separated during Chromatography?
Separating mixtures
What is separated during Paper chromatography?
Dyes - inks, paints and food colouring’s
What is separated in Distillation?
Mixtures containing Liquids?
What are the two types of Distillation?
Simple and Fractional
What is Simple Distillation used to separate?
Liquids from Solutions
What is Fractional Distillation used to separate?
Mixtures of Liquids
Who created the periodic Table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
What is referred to by the group and period of an element?
Group - The number of electrons in the outer shell
Period - The number of electron shells
Where are Metals and Non-Metals on the periodic table?
Metals are on the bottom/left
Non-Metals are on the top/right
Are metal oxides basic or acidic?
Basic - They will have a pH lower than 7
Are non-Metal oxides basic or acidic?
Acidic - they will have a pH less than 7
What are the name of Group 0 elements? And what properties do they have?
Noble Gases
They are inert (very sparse reactions)
Colourless gas
Why do atoms try and gain/lose electrons?
To form full electron shells
T/F - Ionic compounds have a lattice structure?
True
Why are ionic bonds very strong?
They have a giant (ionic) structure, the ions are held together in a closely packed 3D lattice arrangement.
Are ionic compounds electrical conductors?
When Solid - No
When melted into a liquid or dissolved in water - Yes
Explain Diamonds structure?
Diamond is made up of a network of Carbon atoms, each forming four covalent bonds. The numerous strong covalent bonds are tough to break. This means Diamond has a high melting point and a very rigid lattice structure.
Explain Graphite’s structure?
In graphite, each carbon atom has only three covalent bonds, creating layers of carbon atoms. The layers are held together weakly by inter-molecular forces, so slide freely over each other. Making graphite soft and slippery. Graphite has a high melting point and conducts electricity.
What is the name of group 1 elements?
Alkali Metals
What is the name of group 2 elements?
Alkaline Earth Metals
What is the name of group 3 elements?
Rare-Earth Metals
What is the name of group 4 elements?
Transition Metals
What is the name of group 5 elements?
Transition Metals
What is the name of group 6 elements?
Refractory Metals
What is the name of group 7 elements?
Halogens
What is the molar mass of Carbon?
12g - The Ar of carbon is 12
What is the range of values possible for a percentage yield? And what do they mean?
0% - 100%
0% = No reactants were converted into products
100% = All the expected product was achieved
How can you find the Empirical Formulae using Combustion?
1 - Heat a crucible until it is red hot (to make it clean/sterile)
2 - Weigh the crucible (with lid)
3 - Add Magnesium Ribbon to the crucible. Reweigh it to find the mass of magnesium ribbon.
4 - Heat the crucible with the Mg in and lid wit ha slight gap open
5 - Heat strongly for around 10 minutes, until all Mg has turned white.
6 - Reweigh the crucible and find the mass of the MgO
What is the difference between an anhydrous and hydrated salt?
Hydrated = salt containing water (of crystallisation) Anhydrous = salt with no water (of crystallisation)
What is a concentration usually measured in?
moles per dm^3 / grams per dm^3
State the relationship between dm^3, cm^3 and litres
1dm^3 = 1000cm^3 = 1 litre
Alkali Metals (Group 1's) - What is the oxide formed when LITHIUM reacts with water?
Lithium Oxide - Li20
Alkali Metals (Group 1's) - What is the oxides are formed when SODIUM reacts with water?
A mixture of;
Sodium Oxide - Na20
Sodium Peroxide - Na2O2
Alkali Metals (Group 1's) - What is the oxides are formed when POTSSIUM reacts with water?
A mixture of;
Potassium Peroxide - K2O2
Potassium Superoxide - KO2
As you go down the Group 1 elements, they become ………. reactive.
More
Name 3 group 1 elements
Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Caesium (Cs), Francium (Fr)
Describe the appearance and reactivity of Halogen;
Chlorine - Cl2
Fairly reactive, poisonous green gas
Describe the appearance and characteristics of Halogen;
Bromine - Br2
A poisonous, red-brown liquid, which give off an orange vapour at Room Temp.
Describe the appearance and characteristics of Halogen;
Iodine - I2
A dark grey crystalline solid which give off a purple vapour when heated
As the atomic number of Halogens increases, what happens to elements
They appear darker in colour
They have a higher boiling point
What gas compositions make up the atmosphere?
- 78% Nitrogen
- 21% Oxygen
- nearly 1% Argon
- only 0.04% Carbon dioxide
What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of Carbon Dioxide?
0.04%
What element can be used to determine oxygen percentages in the air?
Iron
How can the percentage of oxygen in the air be determined?
Place Iron wool in a measuring cylinder and invert the cylinder in water.
Record the starting position of water on the beaker.
Leave the water to rise. (nearly a week).
Record the final position of water in the the measuring cylinder.
What metal element will not react with Water or Steam?
Copper
What is the range of the pH scale?
1 - 14
What is the strongest acid and strongest alkali possible?
Strongest acid - 0
Strongest Alkali - 14
What are the units of Delta H (Enthalpy change)
KJ/mol
Is an enthalpy change positive or negative?
It can be both - Endo or Exo
If a reaction is Exothermic, is the value positive or negative
Negative as the reaction is giving out energy. Losing Energy
If a reaction is Endothermic, is the value positive or negative
Positive as the reaction is taking in energy. Gaining Energy
Give an example of a reversible reaction.
The thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride
NH4Cl(s) <=> NH3 + HCl
What are the 4 GCSE functional groups?
Alkenes/Alkanes
Alcohols
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
The catalysts used in Cracking are
- Alumina
- Silica
What are the formula for these two catalysts?
Alumina = Al2O3 Silica = SiO2
Is burning Hydrocarbons and endo or exo thermic reaction?
Exothermic - They are fuels!!!
How is Sulphur dioxide produced in the burning of crude oil?
Sulphur impurities in the hydrocarbon fuels
What name is given to the products of Halogens reacting with Alkanes?
Haloalkanes
