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GCSE Chem > Key Information > Flashcards

Key Information Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the charge on ion ARGON:

A

Ag^+

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2
Q

What is the charge on ion IRON:

A

Fe^2+ / Fe^3+

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3
Q

What is the charge on ion ZINC:

A

Zn^2+

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4
Q

What is the charge on ion COPPER:

A

Cu^2-

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5
Q

What is the charge on ion LEAD:

A

Pb^2+

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6
Q

What is the charge on ion HYDROGEN:

A

H^+

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7
Q

What is the charge on ion HYDROXIDE:

A

OH^-

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8
Q

What is the charge on ion AMMONIUM:

A

NH4^+

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9
Q

What is the charge on ion CARBONATE:

A

CO3^2-

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10
Q

What is the charge on ion NITRATE:

A

NO3^-

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11
Q

What is the charge on ion SULFATE:

A

SO4^2-

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12
Q

Covalent formula of AMMONIA:

A

NH3

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13
Q

Covalent formula of Hydrogen, Chlorine and Nitrogen?

A

Hydrogen - H2
Chlorine - Cl2
Nitrogen - N2

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14
Q

Covalent formula of Hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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15
Q

Covalent formula of Water and Carbon Dioxide

A

Water - H20

Carbon Dioxide - CO2

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16
Q

Covalent formula of Methane

A

CH4

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17
Q

Covalent formula of Ethane

A

C2H6

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18
Q

Covalent formula of Chloromethane

A

CH3CL

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19
Q

Covalent formula of Ethene

A

C2H4

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20
Q

General formula of an Alkane

A

Cn H2n+2

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21
Q

General formula of an Alkene

A

Cn H2n

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22
Q

What are the two structures for a covalent bond?

A

Simple Molecular

Giant Covalent

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23
Q 
Explain the state symbols;
s
l
g
aq
A

s - Solid
l - Liquid
g - Gas
aq - Aqueous (dissolved in water/solvent)

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24
Q

What is meant by the Mr

A

Relative Formula Mass

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25
Q

How is the Mr calculated? For a compound?

A

Adding the Atomic Masses (Ar) of each atom in the compound

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26
Q

What is meant by the Ar

A

Relative Atomic Mass - The number of (Proton and Neutron) atoms in the Nucleus

27
Q

What is meant by the RMM - Relative Molecular Mass

A

The RMM is the same as the Relative Formula Mass (Ar)

28
Q

How large is a mole?

A

6.023 x10^23

= 602 300 000 000 000 000 000 000

29
Q

What is the Empirical Formula?

A

The smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

30
Q

What is the Molecular Formula?

A

Whole number multiples of empirical formulae

31
Q

Alkali Metals (Group 1’s) reaction with water:
Does it react?
What is produced in the reaction?

A

They react vigorously with water

Produces a Metal Hydroxide of Hydrogen

32
Q

Do the Alkali Metals (Group 1’s) react with oxygen in the air?

A

Yes they form metal oxides

33
Q

What is the name fr group 7 Elements?

A

The Halogens

34
Q

Which group of elements take place in Displacement reactions?

A

Group 7 - The Halogens

35
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A reaction where a more reactive element “pushes out” (displaces) a less reactive element from a compound.

36
Q

What does the acronym OIL RIG stand for?

A

Oxidation Is Loss , Reduction Is Gain

37
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

Accepts electrons and gets reduced

38
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

Donates electrons and gets oxidised

39
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

Reactions where Oxidation and Reduction happen at the same time.

40
Q

What is formed when a metal carbonate is heated?

A

Carbon Dioxide & a Metal Oxide

41
Q

What are the two ways to prevent rusting?

A

Barrier Methods

Sacrificial Methods

42
Q

What are the barrier methods of coats?

A

Plastic painting/coating - The barrier stops water and oxygen.
Oiling/Greasing - For moving parts, like bike chains

43
Q

Sacrificial methods?

A

Placing a more reactive metal with Iron. The water and oxygen then react with the sacrificial metal instead of iron.

44
Q

What is galvanising?

is it a barrier method or a sacrificial method?

A

It is a sacrificial method for preventing rusting by spraying a Zinc coating onto an object.

45
Q

Universal indicator used to find?

A

The pH of an aqueous solution

46
Q

Litmus paper used for?

A

Whether a solution is acidic, neutral or alkaline.
Red = Acidic
Blue = Alkaline

47
Q

Phenolphthalein used for?

A

Acidic or Alkaline
Colourless in acidic
Bright pink in alkaline

48
Q

Methyl Orange used for?

A

Acidic or Alkaline
Red in Acidic
Yellow in Alkaline

49
Q

pH of an acid and an alkaline

A

Acid < 7

Alkaline > 7

50
Q

What is a base and an acid?

A

An acid is a proton donor.

A base is a substance that can neutralise an acid.

51
Q

Formula of a Carbonate?

A

CO3^2-

52
Q

Pure Water has a boiling point of ………….C and a freezing point of ……….C.

A 
Bp = 100*C
Mp = 0*C
53
Q

What experiment is used to find out enthalpy changes?

A

Calorimetry

54
Q

What is shown in the General Formula?

A

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.
Eg. Ethene = C2H2N

55
Q

What is shown in the Empirical Formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Eg. Ethene =CH2

56
Q

What is shown in the Structural Formula?

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon with the attached hydrogen and functional groups.
Eg. Ethene = CH2CH2

57
Q

What is shown in the Molecular Formula?

A

The actual number of atoms in each element of the molecule

Eg. Ethene = C2H4

58
Q

What is shown in the Displayed Formula?

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them.

59
Q

General Formula for Alkenes

A

C2H2n

60
Q

General formula for Alkanes

A

C2H2n+2

61
Q

Conditions required for cracking of hydrocarbons?

A

600-700*C

With a Silica or Alumina catalyst

62
Q

Products formed from incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon (soot)

63
Q

Products formed in complete combustion?

A

Carbon Dioxide

Water

64
Q

What is responsible for acid rain?

A

Sulphur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides mixing with water vapour in clouds, forming dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid

GCSE Chem (19 decks)

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