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Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathogen associated w lyme dz?

A

Borrelia burgdorgeri

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2
Q

clinical characteristic of a rash associated w lyme dz? What organism transmits it?

A

erythema migrans

tick

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3
Q

Complications of lyme dz

A

arthritis w severe joint pain, bell’s palsy, heart palp

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4
Q

2 enzymes required for metabolism of ethanol to acetate & what cofactor

A

alcohol dehydrogenase & acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

cofactor: NAD+

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5
Q

What compound is used to increase acetaminophen metabolism by enhancing phase II reactions?

A

NAC

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6
Q

What organ metabolizes the majority of ingested ethanol?

A

Liver

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7
Q

The posterior auricular & superficial temporal arteries supply the parotid gland. What artery do they branch off of?

A

external carotid artery

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of parotitis

A

mumps

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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10
Q

Parotid glands start to develop at week 6. Which germ layer?

A

Endoderm

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11
Q

A child has an autosomal recessive condition. DO both parents carry the trait or just 1 parent?

A

both

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12
Q

What enzyme is required for differentiation of male external genitalia? internal genitalia?

A

External = 5alpha-reductase;

Internal = testosterone

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13
Q

Testicular genesis

A

internal & external genitalia = female

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14
Q

Which structure do male internal reproductive organs develop from?

External?

A

Internal = Wolffian duct

External = urogenital sinus

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15
Q

The cloaca develops into

A

urinary bladder & urethra

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16
Q

Leydig cells secrete

A

testosterone

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17
Q

Cancer:

Burkitt’s lymphoma = __ virus

A

EBV

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18
Q

The temporalis muscle attaches to the ____ on the mandible

The condyle forms the ___

A

coronoid process

TMJ

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19
Q

The alveolar process in the mouth

A

holds the teeth

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19
Q

The alveolar process in the mouth

A

holds the teeth

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20
Q

Oncogene implicated in Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

c-myc

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21
Q

WHat tissue is the mandible derived from

A

firt pharyngeal arch

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22
Q

The tuberuculum laterale develops into

A

part of the tongue

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23
Q

CSF of bacterial meningitis; ____ protein, _____ glucose, _______ neutrophils

A

increase proteins d/t leaks in capillaries

decrease glucose as bacteria uses glucose

increase neutrophils to fight infection

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24
Q

How many ventricles are there in the brain

A

4: right lateral, left lateral, middle & 4th

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25
Q

The cerebral aqueduct is located between what ventricles

A

Third & 4th

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26
Q

____ is commonly seen in children w bacterial meningitis while ______ is seen in mycoplasmal (walking) pneumonia

A

Fever; rashes

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27
Q

What tissue produces CSF?

A

choroid plexus;; cuboidal epithelium

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28
Q

Dissemination of N. gonorrhoeae can result in

A

endocarditis, meningitis, arthritis as it can affect heart valves, meninges & joints

29
Q

T/F: HIV infection is increased five-fold in ppl w gonorrhea

A

TRUE

30
Q

N. gonorrhea stain

A

gram (-) intracellular diplococci

31
Q

Peripheral receptors are located in ____ layer of the skin

A

dermis

32
Q

Langerhans cells

A

think skin

dendritic cells

33
Q

Merkel cells

A

light touch

34
Q

A major cofactor in the synthesis of reduced glutathione?

A

magnesium

selenium, riboflavin

35
Q

Semimembranosus bursa is located where to the knee joint?

A

posterior

36
Q

Popliteus action

A

flexes the leg @ knee joint & internally rotates the tibia

37
Q

What artery feeds the gastrocnemius?

A

sural artery

38
Q

Which specialized cells produce cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

39
Q

Functions of progesterone

A

prepares uterine lining for implantation

thickens cervical mucus

increases body temp

40
Q

T/F: progesterone stimulates egg maturation

A

false

41
Q

Cooper’s ligament

A

supports breast tissue

42
Q

What artery supplies blood to the breast?

A

lateral thoracic & internal thoracic

43
Q

Most glandular tissue is found in what quadrant of the breast?

A

superiorlateral

44
Q

Physiologic female development

A

BiG PAM

breast, growth spurt, pubic, axillary, menarche

45
Q

What nerve innervates the achilles tendon?

A

tibial nerve (posterior leg)

46
Q

The femoral nerve innervates what part of the leg?

While the deep fibular nerve innervates what compartment?

A

anterior thigh

anterior compartment

47
Q

+ babinski reflex

A

extension of flexor hallucis longus (big toe)

48
Q

Flexor pollicis vs flexor hallucis

A

Pollicis = hand

hallucis = foot

49
Q

The dorsal striatum is made up of what basal ganglia?

While the lentiform nucleus is made up of?

A

Putamen, caudate

lentiform = globus pallidus + putamen

50
Q

Huntington’s dz

A

atrophy of caudate

51
Q

Hypermyelinazation of corpus striatum

A

cerebral palsy

52
Q

Huntington’s dz + DTR?

A

normal/unchanged bc it involves the basal ganglia not UMN/LMN

53
Q

Purine bases that convert to uric acid

A

Adenine & guanine

54
Q

During degradation of purine nucelotides GMP & AMP, _____ is the final substrate that is acted on by ____ to create uric acid

A

xanthine; xanthine oxidase

55
Q

Bradykinin is a vaso____

A

vasoconstrictor

56
Q

Tophi

A

gouty tophi = urates surrounded by giant cells

57
Q

T/F: ibuprofen is a RF for gout

A

FALSE, it actually decreases inflammation

58
Q

The 1st metatarsal forms a joint w which tarsal?

A

Medial cuneiform

59
Q

What bones join w metatarsals to form joints

A

cuneiforms

60
Q

Most common cause of rhinitis

A

viruses

61
Q

Allergic rhinitis is type _ hypersensitivty

A

type I

62
Q

Type II hypersensitivty

A

fixed antigen; goodpasture + grave’s

63
Q

Type III hypersensitvity

A

complexes; SLE

64
Q

WHat week is respiration possible in a fetus

A

weeks 24+

65
Q

Goblet cells

A

secret mucus, only in bronchi

66
Q

Suspensory ligament aka

A

cooper’s ligament; attaches mammary glands to dermis

67
Q

Erythropoises sequence

A

Hemocytoblast → proerythroblast → erythroblast → normoblast → reticulocyte → erythrocyte

68
Q

Initial substrates of heme synthesis

A

succinyl CoA & glycine

69
Q

Blood flow of from renal artery to glomerulus

A

aorta → renal artery → segmental artery → lobar artery → interlobar artery → arcuate artery → interlobular artery → afferent arteriole → glomerulus.

70
Q

Eye receives nutrition from the ___ humor & is attached to the

A

aqueous humor; ciliary bdoy

71
Q

The choroid of the eye contains

A

melanocytes

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