Questions Flashcards
What is the pathogen associated w lyme dz?
Borrelia burgdorgeri
clinical characteristic of a rash associated w lyme dz? What organism transmits it?
erythema migrans
tick
Complications of lyme dz
arthritis w severe joint pain, bell’s palsy, heart palp
2 enzymes required for metabolism of ethanol to acetate & what cofactor
alcohol dehydrogenase & acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
cofactor: NAD+
What compound is used to increase acetaminophen metabolism by enhancing phase II reactions?
NAC
What organ metabolizes the majority of ingested ethanol?
Liver
The posterior auricular & superficial temporal arteries supply the parotid gland. What artery do they branch off of?
external carotid artery
What is the most common cause of parotitis
mumps
What nerve innervates the parotid gland?
glossopharyngeal nerve
Parotid glands start to develop at week 6. Which germ layer?
Endoderm
A child has an autosomal recessive condition. DO both parents carry the trait or just 1 parent?
both
What enzyme is required for differentiation of male external genitalia? internal genitalia?
External = 5alpha-reductase;
Internal = testosterone
Testicular genesis
internal & external genitalia = female
Which structure do male internal reproductive organs develop from?
External?
Internal = Wolffian duct
External = urogenital sinus
The cloaca develops into
urinary bladder & urethra
Leydig cells secrete
testosterone
Cancer:
Burkitt’s lymphoma = __ virus
EBV
The temporalis muscle attaches to the ____ on the mandible
The condyle forms the ___
coronoid process
TMJ
The alveolar process in the mouth
holds the teeth
The alveolar process in the mouth
holds the teeth
Oncogene implicated in Burkitt’s lymphoma
c-myc
WHat tissue is the mandible derived from
firt pharyngeal arch
The tuberuculum laterale develops into
part of the tongue
CSF of bacterial meningitis; ____ protein, _____ glucose, _______ neutrophils
increase proteins d/t leaks in capillaries
decrease glucose as bacteria uses glucose
increase neutrophils to fight infection
How many ventricles are there in the brain
4: right lateral, left lateral, middle & 4th
The cerebral aqueduct is located between what ventricles
Third & 4th
____ is commonly seen in children w bacterial meningitis while ______ is seen in mycoplasmal (walking) pneumonia
Fever; rashes
What tissue produces CSF?
choroid plexus;; cuboidal epithelium
Dissemination of N. gonorrhoeae can result in
endocarditis, meningitis, arthritis as it can affect heart valves, meninges & joints
T/F: HIV infection is increased five-fold in ppl w gonorrhea
TRUE
N. gonorrhea stain
gram (-) intracellular diplococci
Peripheral receptors are located in ____ layer of the skin
dermis
Langerhans cells
think skin
dendritic cells
Merkel cells
light touch
A major cofactor in the synthesis of reduced glutathione?
magnesium
selenium, riboflavin
Semimembranosus bursa is located where to the knee joint?
posterior
Popliteus action
flexes the leg @ knee joint & internally rotates the tibia
What artery feeds the gastrocnemius?
sural artery
Which specialized cells produce cartilage?
Chondrocytes
Functions of progesterone
prepares uterine lining for implantation
thickens cervical mucus
increases body temp
T/F: progesterone stimulates egg maturation
false
Cooper’s ligament
supports breast tissue
What artery supplies blood to the breast?
lateral thoracic & internal thoracic
Most glandular tissue is found in what quadrant of the breast?
superiorlateral
Physiologic female development
BiG PAM
breast, growth spurt, pubic, axillary, menarche
What nerve innervates the achilles tendon?
tibial nerve (posterior leg)
The femoral nerve innervates what part of the leg?
While the deep fibular nerve innervates what compartment?
anterior thigh
anterior compartment
+ babinski reflex
extension of flexor hallucis longus (big toe)
Flexor pollicis vs flexor hallucis
Pollicis = hand
hallucis = foot
The dorsal striatum is made up of what basal ganglia?
While the lentiform nucleus is made up of?
Putamen, caudate
lentiform = globus pallidus + putamen
Huntington’s dz
atrophy of caudate
Hypermyelinazation of corpus striatum
cerebral palsy
Huntington’s dz + DTR?
normal/unchanged bc it involves the basal ganglia not UMN/LMN
Purine bases that convert to uric acid
Adenine & guanine
During degradation of purine nucelotides GMP & AMP, _____ is the final substrate that is acted on by ____ to create uric acid
xanthine; xanthine oxidase
Bradykinin is a vaso____
vasoconstrictor
Tophi
gouty tophi = urates surrounded by giant cells
T/F: ibuprofen is a RF for gout
FALSE, it actually decreases inflammation
The 1st metatarsal forms a joint w which tarsal?
Medial cuneiform
What bones join w metatarsals to form joints
cuneiforms
Most common cause of rhinitis
viruses
Allergic rhinitis is type _ hypersensitivty
type I
Type II hypersensitivty
fixed antigen; goodpasture + grave’s
Type III hypersensitvity
complexes; SLE
WHat week is respiration possible in a fetus
weeks 24+
Goblet cells
secret mucus, only in bronchi
Suspensory ligament aka
cooper’s ligament; attaches mammary glands to dermis
Erythropoises sequence
Hemocytoblast → proerythroblast → erythroblast → normoblast → reticulocyte → erythrocyte
Initial substrates of heme synthesis
succinyl CoA & glycine
Blood flow of from renal artery to glomerulus
aorta → renal artery → segmental artery → lobar artery → interlobar artery → arcuate artery → interlobular artery → afferent arteriole → glomerulus.
Eye receives nutrition from the ___ humor & is attached to the
aqueous humor; ciliary bdoy
The choroid of the eye contains
melanocytes
