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endocrine > questions ! > Flashcards

questions ! Flashcards

1
Q

insulin receptor type

A

tyrosine kinase receptor

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2
Q

growth hormone receptor

A

cytokine receptor

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3
Q

calcium sensing receptor

A

G-protein coupled receptor

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4
Q

nerves of the cavernous sinus

A 
III - oculomotor
IV - trochlear
V1 - ophthalmic nerve
V2 - maxillary nerve
VI - abducens
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5
Q

which structure is most at risk during total thyroidectomy?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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6
Q

insulin effect on DNA synthesis

A

increases DNA synthesis

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7
Q

insulin effect on hepatic gluconeogenesis?

A

decreases

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8
Q

effect of insulin of hepatic glycogen synthesis

A

increases

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9
Q

effect of insulin of adiposes lipolysis

A

decreases

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10
Q

what % of dextrose should be used in hypoglycaemia treatment

A

10 or 20 %

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11
Q

when must patients on insulin always check their blood glucose

A

before they drive

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12
Q

what is the target action of dapagliflozin?

A

inhibits SGLT2

reduces glucose reabsorption + increase urine glucose exretion

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13
Q

diabetic foot ulcer with fever, nausea + night sweats

A

start IV antibiotics

  • dont wait for swab results - may take days
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14
Q

scintigraphy uptake in thyroiditis

A

no uptake

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15
Q

Graves patient taking carbimazole presents with severe sore throat + fever - what do you do?

A

stop cabimazole immediately + request urgent FBC

agranulocytosis !

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16
Q

non-functioning pituitary tumour initial treatment

A

hydrocortisone

give steroid n worry about rest later

17
Q

patient with marked BP + hypokalaemia, what should be done to investigate Conn’s?

A

paired renin + aldosterone measurement

saline suppression test later

18
Q

test for acromegaly

A

suppress growth hormone - do this via oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

19
Q

patient with Addisons has food poisoning with D+V, now hypotensive + tachycardia, treatment?

A

Give IV saline + hydrocortison

hydro more important than fludrocortisone, fludro not as urgent

20
Q

sodium levels in diabetes insipidus

A

HYPERnatraemia

21
Q

most important side effect of carbimazole

A

sore throat - agranulocytosis (bone marrow suppression)

Graves disease

22
Q

what type of drug is dapagliflozin?

A

gliflozins = SGLT-2 inhibitor

reversibly inhibit sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) in the renal proximal convoluted tubule to reduce glucose reabsorption and increase urinary glucose excretion.

23
Q

what type of drug is linagliptin?

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

increase levels of incretins (GLP-1 and GIP) by decreasing their peripheral breakdown

24
Q

which part of the adrenal gland is most likely at fault in a dysfunctional renin-angiotensinogen system dysfunction?

A

zona glomerulosa –> produces aldosterone

zona fasciculata = glucocorticoids
zona reticularis = androgens

25
Q

potassium levels in conns, cushings, addisons and phaeochromocytoma?

A 
conns = hypOkaleamia
cushings = hypOkaleamia
phaeochromocytoma = hypOkaleamia

addisions = hyPERkalaemia

26
Q

What type of cells secrete parathyroid hormone?

A

chief cells

- produced in response to hypocalcaemia

27
Q

What electrolyte disturbance would make you consider a diagnosis of SIADH?

A

hyponatraemia

excessive ADH. Therefore, excessive water is reabsorbed into the blood. This excess of water in the blood dilutes sodium, causing a hyponatraemia.

28
Q

what type of drug is eplernone?

A

Eplerenone and spironolactone are aldosterone antagonists.

They are commonly used in severe heart failure, particularly following an MI. They are also used hyperaldosteronism.

29
Q

In what disease could you find pretibial myxoedema?

A

Graves

Pretibial Myxoedema is a dermatological condition where there are deposits of mucin under the skin on the anterior aspect of the leg (pre-tibial area). This gives a discoloured, waxy, oedematous appearance to the skin over this area

30
Q

What type of cells produce adrenalin in the adrenal glands?

A

chromaffin cells

A pheochromocytoma is a tumour of the chromaffin cells, that secretes unregulated, excessive adrenalin
Adrenalin is a “catecholamine” hormone

31
Q

potassium levels in Conns?

A

hypOkalaemia

Aldosterone causes sodium reabsorption and potassium and hydrogen excretion at the kidneys. Therefore, you expect to find hypokalaemia, hypertension (due to excessive sodium – serum sodium is usually the higher end of normal) and alkalosis.

32
Q

effects of cortisol on the body

A 
Inhibits the immune system
Inhibits bone formation
Raises blood glucose
Increases metabolism
Increases alertness

endocrine (15 decks)

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