diabetes drugs Flashcards
which T2DM drugs cause weight loss?
GLP-1 = exenatide
SGLT-2 = canagliflozin
which T2DM drugs cause weight gain?
sulfonylurea = gliclazide
thiazolidinedione = pioglitazone
which T2DM drug should be avoided in lorry drivers? why?
sulfonylurea = gliclazide
can cause hypoglycaemia
which T2DM drug should be avoided in heart failure? why?
pioglitazone = thiazolidinedione
fluid retention
metformin side effects
lactic acidosis
GI upset
MoA of metformin
increases insulin sensitivity
decreases gluconeogenesis + glycogenolysis
(acts by activation of AMP activated protein kinase)
MoA of pioglitazone
(thiazolidinedione)
increases insulin sensitivity
agonist to PARR-gamma receptor + reduces insulin resistance
MoA of gliclazide
(sulfonylurea)
increases pancreatic insulin secretion
(bind to ATP-dependant K+ (Katp) channel -> closing it)
What effect do DPP-4 inhibitors have on weight?
weight neutral
sitagliptin
MoA of sitagliptin
(DPP-4 inhibitors) inhibits DPP-4 so increasing GLP-1 activity (incretins) - increases insulin secretion - inhibits glucagon production - slows absoption by GI tract
decreases peripheral breakdown of GLP-1
MoA of exenatide
(GLP-1 mimetic)
increases insulin section + decreases glucagon
mimics incretins by binding to GLP-1 receptors + stimulating insulin release
which T2DM drug requires injecting
GLP-1 mimetic
exanetide - within 60mins before meal
MoA of canagliflozin
(SGLT-2 inhibitor)
decreases blood glucose by inhibiting renal glucose re-uptake via sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT-2)
which drug would be prescribed alongside metformin in patients with high ASCVD risk?
exenatide = GLP-1 mimetic
weight loss, needs injecting, N+V
which drug would be prescribed alongside metformin in patients with heart failure or CKD?
SGLT-2 inhitors
