Questions 101 - 125 Flashcards
You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?
Papa
Hotel
Oscar
Sierra
Golf
Echo
November
Echo
An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident? (SOG2.3 Alarm Response Protocols 7 Rescue Incidents p16)
NSW Police, (Police Rescue Coordinator) will determine which emergency service will send a Rescue unit to rescue incidents.
Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station? (SOG10.13 Fumigation)
Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing.
Record the exposure in the occurrence book and eAIRS report.
Ensure that Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near Miss (NIIENM) form is completed
According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?
First Priority – the safety of firefighters
Second Priority – protecting saveable lives
Third Priority – protecting saveable property and the environment
Resources should not be committed to save what is already lost.
According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination. (Clean Firefighter Policy 6 April 2021 p6)
- Onsite decontamination occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehabilitation, or when leaving the incident. All people and equipment that have been in the Hot Zone are considered to have been exposed to contaminants and require decontamination.
- The aim of decontamination is to ensure zero exposure for firefighters, with all contaminants removed and left at the incident, where possible. All PPE, including boots, require cleaning before leaving the incident.
- All breathing apparatus need to be cleaned after exposure to reduce contamination by carcinogens.
- Helmets are to be cleaned on-scene and then contained (bagged and tagged) in accordance with relevant helmet recommended practice.
According to the Toolkit on the intranet during a bushfire with CFUs. List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.
CFU Members:
Like all residents, must follow Fire Danger Rating instructions and their Bushfire Survival Plan
Do not fight fires or enter bushland, they are only empowered to protect properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack
Are no different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority, responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations
Must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency services agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate
After the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity, freeing up firefighters to respond to the moving fire front
According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly? (SOG11.10 Medical Emergency Access p1)
A patient is at risk of further serious injury or death if medical assistance is not provided quickly
According to FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy (4 Policy Standards p4) , workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.
Workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.02 grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath (i.e. 0.02mg%)
According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?
Notify all personnel in the collapse zone
Notify SO/Sector Commander
Evacuate premises
Set up exclusion zone
Use appropriate water streams
According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM? (SOG2.5 Standard Radio Codes – 5 Radio Codes for Automatic Fire Alarms p2)
Use code 100 where an AFA call is to an actual fire – ie one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point.
The IC must ensure that a detailed message is sent with the 100 code. The code is passed to AIRS, but, on return to station, the AIRS report needs to be updated to reflect the nature of the incident.
According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.
Lookouts; fire crews must lookout and ensure they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to the crew location
Awareness; firefighters must be aware of what is happening around them, including,
- the impact of changes in fire behaviour caused by variations to fuel, weather and topography
- observation of smoke colour, direction and column
- fireground and urban hazards including the potential for falling rocks and tees
- hydration of themselves and others
Communications; All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately.
Escape Routes; At least two escape routes should be agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. The suitability of escape routes should be reviewed continually to ensure they remain effective.
Safety Zones; Safety zones should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters. Firefighters need to consider escape time and safety zone size requirements, which may change as fire behaviour changes.
According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings. (SOG3.1 Guidelines for Bushfires p2)
CATASTROPHIC FBI 100+ - Uncontrollable extremely fast and intense, spot fires 20km. No structure is guaranteed safe, lives may be lost.
EXTREME FBI 50-99 - Uncontrollable very fast and intense, spot fires 6km. Only prepared houses offer safety; house and life loss possible.
HIGH FBI 25-49 – Difficult to control, spot fires 2km. Housing may come under increased threat.
MODERATE FBI 12-24 – Controllable, spot fires very close and less likely. Prepared houses offer good safety.
NO RATING FBI 0-11 – Fires easily controllable, spot fires very unlikely.
According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated? (SOG1.5 Incident Communications p1)
All radio messages must follow the Conditions Actions Needs (CAN) format, to succinctly describe the condition present, the actions being taken, and any needs.
According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them. (SOG3.1 Guidelines for Bushfires p3)
OFFENSIVE STRATEGY – the factors that determine the success of an offensive operation are the location and size of the attack and support for the attacking crew. An offensive strategy can be one of the following tactics;
Direct Attack – at the fire edge to extinguish or control the flames directly. Water, smothering with foam or soil, raking and clearing vegetation/fuel. Becomes the control line.
Parallel Attack – used to control fire intensity. Fire line is constructed parallel to, and just far enough from the fire edge, to allow firefighters and equipment to work effectively away from heat and smoke. Factors that determine the distance from the edge include; terrain, firefighters available, fire rate of spread and intensity.
Indirect Attack – involves falling back some distance from the fire perimeter (up to a few km’s at times) and burning back from a strong control line such as natural barriers, roads, tracks, firebreaks, or from trails or fire lines constructed. Used when fire is too intense for direct or parallel attack eg. Flames greater than 3m, spotting is occurring, terrain is I inaccessible. If fire behaviour is too severe indirect attack may only be possible on the flanks.
DEFENSIVE STRATEGY – first priority in defensive operations is safety and all crews must always be accounted for. Focus of efforts is concentrated on property protection or structural triage. The following tactics can be used in a defensive strategy;
Line Defence – used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack (e.g. Fire is not intense and weather is favourable) but there are not enough resources to mount an offensive attack in time. Involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property.
Ember – used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack. Involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings. Firefighters operate from safe positions behind suitable shielding from the main fire or pull back to safe refuge until the main fire front has passed.
Backstop – used when there is no safe defensible space around the buildings, the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings. Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to suitable safe refuge, with intention of returning after the fire passes.
SAFEGAURDING STRATEGY – When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, the actions during safeguarding strategy, while not fire suppression, warns, escorts (moves), and protects community members to ensure their safety.
According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire. (SOG3.1 Guidelines for Bushfires p9)
Level 2 PPE is the minimum level of PPE for bushfires. Multipurpose coat, duty wear trousers and belt, multipurpose helmet, firefighting boots and socks, firefighting gloves, goggles, protective hood (carried), P2 mask, duty wear shirt or t-shirt under multipurpose coat.
