Questioned Documents Flashcards
QDED Mission
To provide scientific support in form of documentary and testimonial evidences and conduct lectures
BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
1. Document examination shall be based on written ____ from any investigating agency of the government, court order and or private requesting party, provided that the letter has been approved by t he director, PNPCL.
- Document previously examined by any competent agencies of the government shall not be reexamined except when there is a ____
- If the case is under going trial in court, disputed document shall be examined only upon order of the court having jurisdiction on the case.
REQUEST
court order.
– is any material that contains marks, symbols, or signs either visible, partially visible, or invisible that may ultimately convey a meaning or message to someone. Pencil or ink writing, typewriting, or printing on paper are the more usual or forms of documents.
document
– Any document about which some issue has been raised or that is under scrutiny.
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
– A term suggesting that there is an argument or controversy over the document and strictly speaking this is true meaning. However, disputed document and questioned document are employed interchangeably to signify a document that is under special scrutiny.
DISPUTED DOCUMENT
– These are other less violent, more sub tile –tools and products of crime. They do not bruise, batter cut or shed blood , but they are used to steal your money, threaten your security , more than guns, knives, and pry bars.
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
Applies the principles of science and logic to all questioned document problems in order to determine the origin, authenticity and genuineness.
FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
One who studies scientifically the details and elements of documents in order to identify their source or to discover other facts concerning them.
DOCUMENT EXAMINER –
Document examiners are often referred as to a “ ________, but today the work has out grown this latter title involves other problems than merely the examination of handwriting.
handwriting identification experts
SCOPE OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
HANDWRITING EXAMINATION ALTERATION / UNFAIR TRADE COMPETITION COUNTERFEITING IMPRINT EXAMINATION MISCELLANEOUS EXAMINATION
– It includes signature, initials, hand lettering, and other extended writing such as anonymous letter, suicide notes, extortion letter and last will testament.
HANDWRITING EXAMINATION
- It includes all kinds of erasure, addition, insertion, interlineation and decipherment of secret writings, sequence of strokes .
ALTERATION / UNFAIR TRADE COMPETITION
– It includes fake bills like peso and other foreign currency .
COUNTERFEITING
– It includes manual, mechanical and other electronic printing devices, ex. Rubber stamps, typewriter and computer printer.
IMPRINT EXAMINATION
– It includes the following examination; pre-ter natural paper characteristics Dating examination envelop tampering re-prographic examination writing media examination – instruments, inks and papers.
MISCELLANEOUS EXAMINATION
KINDS OF DOCUMENTS
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
PRIVATE DOCUMENTS
COMMERCIAL DOCUMENTS
– Instruments notarized by a notary public or competent officials with solemnities required by law.
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
Any instruments issued by the government or its agents or its officers having the authority to do so, and the offices, which in accordance with their creation, they are authorized to issue and be issued in the performance of their duties.
OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
- Every deed or instruments executed by a private persons, without the intervention of a notary public or any person legally authorized by which documents, disposition or agreement is provided evidence or set worth.
PRIVATE DOCUMENTS
- Any instruments executed in accordance with the Code of Commerce.
COMMERCIAL DOCUMENTS
a. Original documents
b. Contemporaneous date of five (5) years before and after the execution of the questioned document.
c. At least eight (8) standard signatures
d. Similar writing style conventional, highly individualize to highly individualize.
SPECIMEN TO BE SUBMITTED
1. SIGNATURE
a. Original documents
b. Contemporaneous date of the standard documents, maximum of five(5) years before and after the execution of the questioned document.
c. At least five (5) pages of standard handwritings.
d. Similar writing style cursive to cursive, script to script and printed to printed.
e. Similar language dialect.
f. Similar writing instrument used if possible.
SPECIMEN TO BE SUBMITTED
- HANDWRITING
a. Original Document
b. At least four (4) pages standard documents typewritten (verbatim).
- TYPEWRITING
a. Original of the questioned documents
b. At least one standard in case of unfair trade competition
- COUNTERFEITING/ IMITATION