Physical Identification Flashcards
Composition of PI Examiners
Forensic Chemical Officers (FOCOs)
➢Criminologists
are Licensed Chemical Engineer, Chemist and Registered Medical Technologist
Forensic Chemical Officers (FOCOs)
Scope of PID Examinations
- Ultraviolet examination
- Bullet trajectory examination
- Macro etching examination
- Hair and fiber analysis
- Tool marks examination
- Casting and molding examination
- Microscopic paint analysis
- Presence of Inflammable Substance examination (to BFP)
When two objects come in contact with each other there is always an exchange of materials between them.
This type of material exchange – contamination – must be avoided through out the material handling chain, from ______ at the crime scene to the _______ in the laboratory.
collection
examination
__________WE SHOULD COLLECT ANY AND ALL TYPES OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE.
AS A RULE OF THUMB,
is a principle with broad application that is not intended to be strictly accurate or reliable for every situation.
A rule of thumb
FOUR-WAY LINKAGE THEORY
Physical evidence
Victim
Suspect
Crime Scene
One of the most common types of physical evidence that an investigator and/or crime scene specialist will encounter will be ______
trace evidence.
is a generic term for small, often microscopic material.
Trace evidence
Trace evidence at a crime scene can include _____
blood, hair, fibers, glass particles, paint, soil, etc.
is a means sanctioned by law in ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact.
Evidence –
is that one having objective existence that is, in any dimension, size or shape.
Physical evidence –
is the generic term for evidence that are small, often microscopic materials that may include hairs, fibers, glass particles, foot or tire impression, dust, soil, metal tool marks, tire tracks and paint flakes or chips.
Trace evidence –
is a filament mostly protein that grows from the follicles found in the dermis.
Hair -
is the smallest single unit forming the basis of a textile yarn. A _____ is composed of numerous fibers which are spun, twisted, or drawn together to prepare the unit for weaving or knitting. A yarn is sometimes called a _____ by the layman.
Fiber or filament -
yarn
thread
is a fused mixture of silica, usually in the form of natural sand and two or more alkaline bases such as soda, lime or potash. It also contains quantities of various other element and metals, present as either as incidental impurities in the basic ingredients, or added to them for color, degree of hardness, heat-resistance and other specific purposes.
Glass –
any object capable of making an impression on another object.
Tools –
any impression, cut, abrasion, or gouge (scratch, scrape, hollow, mark, cut into) left by a tool after coming in contact with an object
Tool marks –
determines the point of impact, position of the firearm and the probable caliber of the firearm used.
Bullet Trajectory Examination –
is a liquid suspension in a solvent carrier into which white or colored pigments and a polymeric resin binder have been combined
Paint –
is the application of chemical solution on the metal surface where serial numbers is normally located and observing any reaction that may take place.
Macro-Etching or Acid-Etching -
a series of number that is punched or pressed into a particular item to distinguish it from one another of common type.
Serial Numbers –
is a radiation of shorter wavelength than the radiation commonly recognized as visible light. It is sometimes known as “_______” because of its invisibility to the eye.
UV light –
black light
is a filamentous outgrowth of dead cells from the skin found only on mammals
Hair