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CIC Module 3 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

DNA is unique for all individuals except ______

A

identical twins.

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2
Q

DNA is formed by _____ of DNA from his or her parents with half coming from the mother and half from the father.

A

combination

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3
Q

The _____ DNA is found in all cells of the body.

A

same

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4
Q

Your DNA ______ change through your life.

A

Does NOT

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5
Q

DNA is a ____; _____; _____ and _____ evidence

A

physical
biological
transfer
trace

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6
Q

Any cellular material left at a crime scene may be a useful source of ____.

A

DNA

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7
Q

DNA is unique except for?

a. Twins
b. Siblings
c. Identical twins
d. None.

A

c.Identical twins

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8
Q

You are investigating a rape case. You collected and submitted the victim’s underwear with alleged seminal stain.

What standard biological sample from the accused would you submit?

a. Semen
b. Blood
c. Buccal swab
d. Tissue sample

A

Buccal swab

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9
Q

You are investigating a murder.
The male victim, who is still unidentified, was apparently beaten to death and put inside a bag before being dumped on the sidewalk.
What biological evidence would you ask the SOCO to collect from the victim?
a.Nail clippings
b.Tissue sample
c.A and b.

A

c.A and b.

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10
Q
  • You are investigating a murder.
  • The male victim, who is still unidentified, was apparently beaten to death and put inside a bag before being dumped on the sidewalk.

What standard samples would you collect and compare to the DNA profile generated from the victim’s tissue sample?

a. Parent’s buccal swabs
b. Used personal belongings
c. His twin’s buccal swabs
d. Any of these

A

c.His twin’s buccal swabs

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11
Q

You are investigating a cold case.
A rape incident that occurred 20 years ago, where the previous investigator was able to collect the victim’s underwear with alleged seminal stain.
The underwear is still kept safe in your evidence room.
An eyewitness surfaced, pointing to a suspect. You were able to arrest the suspect.
Is it possible to use the evidence collected 20 yrs ago for DNA analysis?
a.Yes
b.No

A

a.Yes

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12
Q

You are investigating an alleged kidnapping case.
You have a lead to the identity of the kidnappers but every raid you conduct, they manage to escape with the victim.
In their last safe house, you were able to collect bloodstain samples from the concrete.
What reference standard sample could you collect to prove that the bloodstain is from the victim, thus linking the safehouse to the crime?
a.Secondary Standards
b.Primary Standards

A

a.Secondary Standards

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13
Q

Functions of DNA analysis

A
  1. Forensic examinations
  2. Questioned paternity and maternity
  3. Disaster Victim Identification
  4. Court testimony
  5. Conduct lectures and training
  6. Assist in collection of biological evidence (eg. Luminol testing, scene of crime opereations, etc)
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14
Q

DNA Case Processing

A
  1. Documentation and Screening
  2. Sampling and Extraction of DNA
  3. DNA Amplification
  4. DNA Detection
  5. Data Interpretation and Report Making
  6. Releasing of Report
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15
Q

The DNA Branch staff checks and receives evidence with appropriate letter request. He decks the case to an analyst.

The receiving staff turns over the evidence to the evidence custodian.

The decked DNA analyst withdraws the evidence from the evidence custodian and document the evidence though photos and notes.

A

Documentation and Screening

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16
Q

This is performed in a contamination controlled room where biological specimen is processed to isolate and quantitate its DNA.

The analyst works on a sterile bio-safety hood equipped with exhaust and anti-biohazard filters.

A

Sampling and Extraction of DNA

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17
Q

Sampling and Extraction of DNA

The ________ uses validated commercial extraction kits in isolating DNA from the biological evidence submitted.

A

PNPCL DNA

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18
Q

Sampling and Extraction of DNA

-incubates the sample at temperature and mixing speed that will protect the DNA.

A

Thermo mixer

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19
Q

Sampling and Extraction of DNA

-separates the DNA from other cellular components based on their differing densities.

A

Centrifuge

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20
Q

Sampling and Extraction of DNA

The approximate quantity and the quality of DNA obtained is measured through a _________.

A

spectrophotometer

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21
Q
  • In a sterile PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) hood, the analyst prepares the extracted DNA for amplification.
  • _______ reagents are added to the DNA sample.
  • The enzymatic process of DNA replication (PCR) is mimicked through the use of a thermal cycler.
  • Specific regions (loci) of the target DNA are amplified.
A
  1. DNA Amplification

Validated Short Tandem Repeat (STR)

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22
Q

DNA Amplification

_______or PCR machine subjects the DNA to the required temperatures for DNA amplification.

Currently the PNPCL DNA Lab uses three (3) PCR machines

A

Thermal cycler

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23
Q
  • ________ are added to the amplicons to make it detectable by the genetic analyzer machine
  • Plates with amplicons, negative and positive control, and ladder in placed in the genetic analyzer.
A

DNA detection reagents

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24
Q
  1. Data Interpretation and Report Making
  • The ___________ is entered in the US FBI CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) database and searched for any match.
  • DNA analysis result interpretations reported by the analyst are backed by statistical calculations using the software CODIS Popstats.

PNPDNA

A

DNA profile generated

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25
Q

Prior to the release of a DNA laboratory report, an administrative and technical review must be done by:

  1. colleague DNA analyst
  2. Chief, DNA Analysis Branch
A
  1. Releasing of Report
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26
Q

•PNP Crime Laboratory ISO 9001 Certification assures quality documentation.
•PNP Crime Laboratory DNA Quality Assurance Manual based on FBI standards
•Externally and internally validated protocols and equipment
PNP Crime Laboratory uniformed training program
•DNA profiling and databasing of all persons accessing the laboratory
•Safety policies
•Clean techniques

A

Quality Assurance

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27
Q

Contamination Prevention: Laboratory Rooms with Controlled Access

A
  1. Extraction Room
  2. Qua….tion Room
  3. Pre-amplification Set up Room
  4. Amplification and instrumentation Room or aka Post -amp
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28
Q
  • Use of controls and blanks
  • Administrative and technical reviews
  • External and internal audits
  • Proficiency tests
A

Quality Control

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29
Q

Authorized Entry
• DNA personnel (analysts and staff)

Allowed Entry with authorized DNA personnel
• Crime Lab personnel, trainees, and civilians (technical and analytical support) who have submitted for DNA profiling

A

Security

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30
Q

All information, written or verbal, regarding all cases received (eg. Victim and suspect’s names) and all information declared confidential by the PNP must be disclosed to authorized persons only.
•Information re cases may be disclosed to requesting party, opposing parties and courts
•Final reports must be certified by the Records Supervisor
•Civilian OJTs must sign a confidentiality agreement
•PNP personnel disclosing confidential information are subject to disciplinary actions

A

Confidentiality

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31
Q

The PNP DNA Adheres to

International Safety Standards

A

Safety glasses
Lab coat
Covered legs
Closed toed shoes

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32
Q

COST OF DNA TEST
Criminal Cases
•Free of charge, except for _____cases claiming support

Civil Cases/ “Peace of Mind Purposes”
•PhP _____ per person
•Civil cases requires DNA test of both parents and the alleged child or children.
•Payment at any Land Bank of the Philippines branch

A

VAWC

20,000.00

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33
Q

is the genetic material present in the cells of all living organisms.

It is the fundamental building block for an individual’s entire genetic make-up

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

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34
Q

The smallest component of life capable of independent reproduction and from which DNA is isolated for forensic analysis.

A

Cell

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35
Q

The biological structure by which hereditary information is physically transmitted from one generation to the next.

A

CHROMOSOME

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36
Q

Anatomy of cell

A 
Nucleus
Chromosome
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrial
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37
Q

Where DNA is found

A

NUCLEAR DNA VS MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

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38
Q

Father’s Sperm plus
Mother’s Egg equals to
Child cell

A

Nuclear DNA

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39
Q
  • Passes from generation to generation by MATERNAL lineage
  • Found where nuclear DNA doesn’t exist
  • Stable
  • Exceptionally hardy
  • Not YET available in PNP DNA Lab
A

Who’s your granny? Mitochondrial DNA

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40
Q
  • ____ is your genetic blueprint.
  • You inherit it from your biological parents.
  • It codes for things like eye color, hair color, stature, predisposition to some diseases and many other human traits
A

DNA

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41
Q

The human body contains ______ cells.

A

100 trillion

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42
Q

There is a nucleus inside each human cell (except _____ cell)

A

red blood

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43
Q

Each nucleus contains ____ chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs

A

46

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44
Q

One _______ of every pair is from each parent.

A

chromosomes

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45
Q

The chromosomes are filled with tightly coiled strands of _____

A

DNA

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46
Q

_______ are segments of DNA that contain instructions to make proteins-building blocks of life

A

Genes

47
Q

Number of cells in human body ______1

Number of Chromosomes __2__ pairs

Length of DNA in each cell ______3

Size of genome in base pairs ______4

Length of DNA in a person _____5

Distance from earth to sun _____ 6

Each person has enough DNA to go to the sun and back __7__ times!!

A
  1. 100 trillion
  2. 23 pairs
  3. 2 meters
  4. 3 billion
  5. 150 trillion m
  6. 150 billion m
  7. 500
48
Q

Where Is DNA Contained in the Human Body?

A
  • Blood
  • Semen
  • Skin cells
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Perspiration
  • Fingernails
  • Mucus
  • Saliva
  • Muscles
  • Brain
  • Bone
  • Etc…
49
Q 
Brief History of Forensic DNA Typing
•\_\_\_\_\_ - FBI starts DNA casework
•1995 - FSS starts UK DNA database
•1998 - FBI launches CODIS database
•2001 - PNP opens DNA Lab
•\_\_\_\_\_ – Rules on DNA Evidence approved by RP Supreme Court
A

1988

2007

50
Q

Applications of DNA Analysis

A
  • Criminal Investigations
  • Parentage Testing
  • Historical investigations
  • Missing persons investigations
  • Mass disasters
  • DNA databases
51
Q

Admissibility of DNA Evidence
•This Rule does not pose any legal obstacle to the admissibility of DNA analysis as evidence.

  • Even evidence on collateral matters is allowed “when it tends in any reasonable degree to establish the probability or improbability of the fact in issue.”
  • Evidence is admissible when it is ______ in issue
  • The provisions of the Rules of Court concerning the appreciation of evidence shall apply.
A

relevant to the fact

52
Q

Assessment of Probative Value

A

Sec. 7

(a) The chain of custody
(b) The DNA testing methodology
(c) The forensic DNA laboratory
(d) The reliability of the testing result.

The provisions of the Rules of Court concerning the appreciation of evidence shall apply.

53
Q

DNA Case Processing

A
  1. Location and Collection of Evidence

2. DNA Casework Processing: DNA Laboratory

54
Q

Location and Collection of Evidence

A 
•Documentation
-Chain of Custody
•Collection Techniques
•Preservation of Evidence
•Packaging and Storage
55
Q

DNA Casework Processing: DNA Laboratory

A
  • Documentation and Screening
  • Sampling and Extraction of DNA
  • DNA Amplification
  • Running of samples for Visualization
  • Data Interpretation and Report Making
  • Releasing of Report
56
Q

If DNA evidence is not properly documented, collected, packaged, and preserved, it will ____ the legal and scientific requirements for admissibility in a court of law”.

A

not meet

57
Q
  • Can lead to un‐interpretable DNA results
  • Evidence coming into contact with each other
  • Evidence coming into contact with DNA from a person handling the sample.
A

DNA Evidence Contamination

58
Q
  • Commonly caused by exposure to moisture and heat, which encourages the growth of bacteria.
  • Can lead to destruction of the DNA and the possibility of incomplete or no DNA typing results being obtained.
A

DNA degradation

59
Q

DNA cannot be used to:
•Tell how long the suspect was at the crime scene.

  • Tell how long the suspect handled an object.
  • Determine how long ago the cells were deposited on the item.
A

Limitations of DNA Testing

60
Q

Limitations

  • Environmental factors such as _____, ______ and _____ can destroy DNA evidence.
  • Identical twins share identical DNA.
  • DNA can not be used to determine WHEN the suspect was at the crime scene.
A

heat, bacteria and mold

61
Q

How long does crime scene DNA last?
•If items have been stored properly, DNA can last decades (_____ years).
•Exposed to harsh environment (eg: heat, sunlight, moisture, mold), DNA may only last a few days or weeks.
•In the laboratory: we can’t tell in advance whether or not an item will yield any DNA.
•DNA can be present, but too degraded to give a result (______).

A

30+

partial DNA profiles

62
Q

Has Forensic DNA Profiling replaced other forensic techniques?
•Not all cases can be solved with DNA.
•Not all cases can be solved with fingerprinting.
•The disciplines can work in synergy.
•_________ is multidisciplinary: pathology, biology, anthropology, odontology, toxicology, ballistics, fingerprints, etc.

A

Forensic science

63
Q
  • Any —–1—–left at a crime scene may be a useful source of DNA.
  • DNA case processing involves the ——2——–
  • DNA evidence can be easily —–3— if not handled properly
  • DNA evidence may —-4— if not handled properly
A
  1. cellular material
  2. location and collection of evidence and
    DNA casework processing of the evidence in the DNA laboratory.
  3. contaminated
  4. degrade
64
Q
  • —1—a body fluid produced by male individuals for fertilization
  • Cellular component: —2–
  • Fluid component: —3—
  • An average ejaculate is —4—ml containing —-5— million sperm
A
  1. Semen
  2. spermatozoa
  3. seminal plasma
  4. 3 to 4
  5. 70 to 150
65
Q
  • —1—Male reproductive cells.
  • Each consists of a head, tail and mid-piece.
  • In humans, the head is a tiny disc, about 4.5 μm long and 2.5 μm wide. The tail is about 40 μm long, and is rapidly lost in ejaculates.
  • The —2— is where the DNA is preserved.
A

Spermatozoa (Sperm)

2. head

66
Q

Seminal Fluid/Plasma
•Seminal fluid contains proteins, salts, organics (including ____1____ which are the source of its UV fluorescence, and choline), and some cellular material.
•____2____ severes or ligates the ducts carrying sperm to the penis. Vasectomized men will have no sperm but will have the plasma components present in their ejaculate.

A
  1. flavins

2. Vasectomy

67
Q

Sperm Survival
•After ejaculation during intercourse, semen is lost by drainage and by biochemical change.
•Microscopical examination of vaginal swab samples shows a sequence of changes with time, since there is some biochemical evidence for the persistance of tails as long as heads.
•__1__ are lost first - the damage begins immediately and about 25% will have no tails by __2__ hours.
•By __3__ hours, there will be few sperm with intact tails

A
  1. Tails
  2. 6 hours
  3. 12 hours
68
Q
  • may be used to screen large items of evidence to identify non-visible stained areas
  • The shorter wavelengths induce molecular excitations in body fluids (excluding blood) and the subsequent emission of photons (fluorescence).
  • Filter (frequency selective) may be necessary to block extraneous emitted wavelengths
A

Alternative Light Sources (ALS)

69
Q

________ is the emission of radiation (esp. visible light) by a substance, typically during exposure to external radiation (lasers, X-rays, UV light).
•the substance absorbs light and re-emits the light in wavelengths longer (lower energy) than that of the illuminating source

A

Fluorescence

70
Q
  • useful for performing fluorescent examinations on materials with excitation bands of 390-520 nm
  • Not intense enough to be hazardous to the skin and eyes
A

Fluorescence

71
Q

Suspension of cells in an aqueous solution.

Three cellular components

A

Blood

➢ red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes
➢ platelets or thrombocytes
➢ white blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes

72
Q
  • ____1____45% of the total volume
  • Unique because the mature circulating cells contain no DNA.

•Contain _____2____, an iron-containing protein, which facilitates transport of oxygen.

A
  1. RBCs

2. Haemoglobin

73
Q

•Possess a nucleus (and therefore DNA).

A

WBCs

74
Q
  • White to slightly yellow crystalline solid.
  • Soluble in most polar organic solvents.
  • Insoluble in water.
A

Luminol (C8H7N3O2)

75
Q

is the production of light from a chemical reaction.

A

Chemiluminescence

76
Q

Any substance of which a small proportion notably affects the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed or consumed.

A

Catalyst

77
Q
  • To exhibit its luminescence, the luminol must first be activated with an oxidant.
  • Usually, a solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a hydroxide salt in water is used as the activator.
  • In the presence of a catalyst such as an iron, luminol exhibits chemiluminescence, with a striking blue glow.
A

Chemiluminescence of Luminol

78
Q

• _____is a technique for the detection of bloodstains which are not visible.

A

Luminol Examination

79
Q

•In the presence of a catalyst such as ____ in the blood, luminol exhibits chemiluminescence, with a striking ____ glow.

A

iron

blue

80
Q

•Luminol Examination for blood is highly sensitive but _____.

A

non-specific

81
Q

Locating DNA Evidence
•Evidence to be collected depends great on the nature of case at hand.
•Evidence may be linked to the suspect, victim or crime scene.
•Evidence can be located through:
•Visual Inspection
•Use of ____1____ (eg. UV light) for semen stains
•Use of Chemicals (eg. __2__) for bloodstains

A
  1. Alternate Light Source

2. Luminol

82
Q

is any tangible object that can connect an offender to a crime scene.

A

Physical evidence

83
Q

______, which contains DNA, is a type of physical evidence.

•However, biological evidence is not always visible to the naked eye.

A

Biological evidence

84
Q

DNA Evidence is ….

A

Transfer Evidence and Trace Evidence.

85
Q

Evidence such as hair, fiber, body fluids, are types of physical evidence that is small and transient, but measurable. When larger items of physical evidence are subjected to closer examination in the laboratory, _______ may be detected.

A

trace evidence

86
Q

COLLECTION OF DNA EVIDENCE
General Rule
• __1__ any sample taken.
• If it is in the form of tissues, __2___

A
  1. Air dry

2. freeze and transport in ice.

87
Q

If DNA evidence is not properly documented, its origin can be questioned.

  • If it is not properly collected, 1. _____ can occur.
  • If it is not properly packaged, 2.________ can occur.
  • If it is not properly preserved, 3.________ can occur.
A
  1. degradation
  2. contamination
  3. degradation
88
Q

Personal Protection
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS CAN CONTAIN PATHOGENS SUCH AS:
NOTE: Assume that all stains, wet or dry, are infectious!

A
  • Hepatitis
  • Syphilis
  • TB
  • Gonorrhea
  • Measles
  • HIV
89
Q

Consideration for Handling

  1. Always wear ____ gloves when handling biological evidence.
  2. Change gloves between handling of each item of evidence.
  3. Process biological evidence on a clean area (such as a fresh piece of butcher paper). Use a 10 % bleach solution to clean areas at which biological evidence will be handled.
  4. Be careful not to talk excessively over biological evidence. Wear a mask if necessary.
  5. Only work with one piece of evidence at a time.
  6. Never allow items of biological
A

latex

90
Q

Body Fluid Stains

A
  • Blood stains
  • Seminal stains
  • Saliva stains
  • etc.
91
Q

Blood and Body Fluid Collection

A

Cutting Methods
Scrapping Method
Swabbing

92
Q
  1. Remove a section of the item containing the stain using a sterile or clean cutting device.
  2. Air-dry, if wet.
  3. Package in paper envelope.
A

Cutting method

93
Q
  1. Scrape sample with a clean razor blade or scalpel, into a clean piece of paper.
  2. Package in a paper envelope.

• This is a method to be used in a controlled environment (i.e., no wind or traffic) and where the scrapings will not contaminate other evidence.

A

Scraping method

94
Q
  1. a. Wet Stain: Press or rub the swab into the stain. The stain should be concentrated on the tip.
    b. Dry stain: Moisten swab with distilled water. Press or rub the swab into the stain. The stain should be concentrated on the tip.
  2. Allow swabbed stain to air-dry.
A

Swabbing

95
Q

Special Situations
Procedures for collecting wet stains on ____:
1. Scoop a thin layer of soil (or sand).
2. Allow to thoroughly air-dry.

A

absorbent substances

96
Q

Special Situations
For Liquid Containers:
•Empty liquid containers by poking a hole in the bottom to avoid liquid contact with the mouth area.
•Swab mouth area of the container using sterile cotton swabs. Package in paper envelope.
•Submit entire item if swabbing is not possible.
•Request test for ______
•Mark aluminum cans for “Room Temperature Storage,” as cold or frozen storage causes condensation on metal, which may dilute biological evidence.

A

both DNA and latent fingerprints.

97
Q 
Cigarette Butts
•Select only the cigarette butts that may be of evidentiary value.
•Collect individually
•\_\_\_\_ before packaging in PAPER envelope
•Do NOT handle with your bare fingers.
•Do NOT include the \_\_\_\_.
A

Air dry

ashes

98
Q

DNA from Fingernails

A

Fingernail clippings are generally preferred where possible.

Fingernail Scrapings
Fingernail Clippings
Fingernail Swabs

99
Q
  • Clip nails using sterile clippers or scissors
  • Use one clipper/scissor per hand
  • Place clippings in druggist folds fold
  • Use a separate piece for each hand
  • Place the evidence in separate labeled envelopes.
A

Fingernail clippings:

100
Q
  • Moisten a sterile cotton swab with distilled water and swab under fingernails.
  • Use one swab per hand.
  • Place the evidence in separate labeled envelopes.
A

Fingernail Swabs:

101
Q
  • Collect scrapings using a rounded end of a toothpick.
  • One toothpick per hand.
  • Collect the scrapings (and the toothpick) into druggist fold (use a separate piece for each hand).
  • Place the evidence in separate labeled envelopes
A

Fingernail Scrapings:

102
Q

Hair
•Collect all questioned hairs from the scene that have possible evidentiary value.
• Note position of hairs in the crime scene.
•Use clean forceps or gloves to collect.
•Place in ____; try not to bend samples.
•Avoid damaging the root of the hair.
•Air dry if wet, prior to packaging.
• Combing: Using clean exam paper and comb thoroughly and vigorously comb questioned region (head/public) and collect all hairs recovered.

A

druggist folds

103
Q

Transporting the Victim

  • In a sexual assault case, it may be the responsibility of the first responding officer to transport the victim for a medical examination.
  • Prior to being transported to the hospital, be sure to cover the victim with a ____, _____, and _____
  • This will help protect any evidence that may be located on the victim.
A

CLEAN blanket, CLEAN sheet or a CLEAN paper wrap.

104
Q

Summary
•If DNA evidence is not properly documented, collected, packaged, and preserved, it will not meet the legal and scientific requirements for admissibility in a court of law.
•Crime scene documentation is essential to establish the ____and____
•Biological material can be collected by taking the whole item,, or by taking a representative sample of the item by cutting, swabbing, or scraping.
•Liquid samples can be collected by soaking up the sample with cotton-tipped swabs.
•Dry items should be packaged in paper bags or envelopes.
•Wet items should be allowed to air-dry prior to packaging.
•Contamination of DNA from one source can occur when it comes into contact with DNA from another source.

A

location, condition and chain of custody for each item collected.

105
Q

Record of individuals who have had physical possession of the evidence.

A

Chain of custody

106
Q

•“The fewer people handling the evidence, the better, the lesser chance of contamination and a shorter chain of custody for court admissibility hearings”.

A

Integrity of chain of custody

107
Q
  • ____ maintains the integrity of the specimen; to further prove that no tampering took placed.
  • May use commercially available tamper-proof evidence tapes.
  • May use scotch or masking tapes, marked, initialed, or signed for tamper proofing.
  • Do not use staples.
A

Seal

108
Q
  • Information to ensure that the items can be identified by the collect anytime in the future.
  • This precaution will help immeasurably to establish the credibility of the collector’s report or testimony and will effectively avoid any suggestions that the item has been misidentified.
A

MARKINGS” on Evidence

109
Q

Markings on Evidence

A

A. Case number.
B. Identifier (letters, numbers, or combination)
C.Time and date of collection.

***It is also important to note the place or location where the evidence was collected

110
Q

Ideal Manner of Packaging

A

Integrity seal

Initial/Signature of the Collecting Officer/who did the packaging

Content

Turned-over by:
Received by:

111
Q

Improvised Manner of Packaging

A 
Identifier
Soco Case Number
Specimen Description
Location where specimen was found
Time and date of collection
Name and signature of the collector

SEALS (Scotch tape)WITH SIGNATURE OR INITIALS OR ANY IDENTIFIER FOR THE COLLECTOR

112
Q

Documentation & Labeling

Required Documents

A
  1. Letter Request
  2. Court Order
  3. Chain of custody form (ideal)
113
Q

Information Required in a Letter Request:

A
  1. Brief summary of the case
  2. Specimen description including source
  3. Packaging
  4. Markings
114
Q

Specimen Description, Packaging and Markings

A
  1. In this connection, may we request from your good office that DNA test be conducted on the following, to wit;
    a. One (1) T-shirt with alleged bloodstain recovered from the suspect, placed in a brown paper envelope marked as “CCB-1”.
    b. One (1) knife with alleged bloodstain recovered from the suspect, placed in a brown paper envelope marked as “CCB-2”.
    c. Two (2) cotton swabs with alleged bloodstain collected from the crime scene, placed in a brown paper envelope marked as “CCB-4”.
    d. Muscle tissue collected from the victim, placed in a plastic container marked as “CCB-5”.
    e. Two (2) buccal swabs collected from the suspect, placed in a brown paper envelope marked as “CCB-6”.

CIC Module 3 (13 decks)

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