Questionaires

Question 1

How concessionaires be administered

Answer 1

by post, email, face to face, and/or online

Question 2

self report data

Answer 2

Asking people to give responses about themselves or their own ideas

Question 3

Strengths of self report data

Answer 3

Less experementer bias

See what people think about themselves/people’s own opinions

+A wide range of responses

Collect qualitative data also be quantitive if it is on a number scale or an overall percentage of who said ‘this’ e.g. likert scale

It’s quicker than an experiment to find similar information

It could be done in a field experiment and in a lab experiment but cannot be done in an observation

Question 4

Weaknesses of self-report data

Answer 4

It’s subjective and there are demand characteristics and social desirability bias and indivisual differences do this they may have low internal validity and low test retest reliability

The night you need to preach privacy for the day to be published

Less reliable/scientific than an experiment

Question 5

Quantitative data

Answer 5

Quantitative data is numerically comparable data that is quantifiable

e.g. percentage of people who went down the left path of a maze

Question 6

Strengths of quantitative data

inter rate reliability

Answer 6

Data can be objectively analyzed it is scientific and it is very hard for experementers to interpretate results differently (inter rate reliability)

Question 7

Weaknesses of quantitative data

(social desirability bias)

Answer 7

Quantitative lacks validity due to social desirability (demand characteristics to make them seem better than they actually are and more likable)
Somebody could use different answers to make them seem in a more favorable light EG “I’m not a heavy Drinker”
thus making the results invalid, giving it low internal validity

Question 8

weakness of quantitive data

response bias

Answer 8

Answers may show response bias ( when participants answer a question in a certain way depending on its wording all the tone it was said in) this reduces the validity of the data giving it low internal validity
for example do you like this cute kitty they would say yes because you said it was cute

Question 9

Qualitative data

Answer 9

Non-quantifiable descriptive data

e.g. an appearance description bucket hat and a demon jacket baggy trousers and sandals

Question 10

strengths of qualitive data

internal validity

Answer 10

-provides detailed descriptions or in depth oppinions, adding extra detail and data for the experementer meaning more indepth analysis for a more accurate/supported conclusion so increaced internal validity

Question 11

Weaknesses of qualitative data

Inter-rate reliability

Answer 11

harder to analyze qualitative data due to not being quantifiable it may be more difficult to agree on the data’s meanings this means that it has a lower inter-rate reliability

Question 12

Questionnaires
open-ended questions

Answer 12

Doesn’t involve preset answers (yes/no)
also you can answer freely and justify your decisions

Question 13

Strength open-ended questions

ecological Validity (detailed response unlike close-ended)

Answer 13

Using open-ended questions often gathers rich detailed data and a lot of qualitative data the original detail and opinions as they are forced to justify their answers
this data is a more accurate oppinion than a close endes question and therefore gives a more true to life response compared to a close-ended question
giving it high ecological validity

Question 14

weakness of open-ended questions

internal validity (no answer)

Answer 14

Participents may not complete the question, perhapse due to being overwhelmed by the options of what to say, or unable to think of anything to say,
either way it reduces the overal validity of the conclusion as the data collected is limited
giving it lower internal validity

Question 15

Close-ended Question

Answer 15

A question with a fixed predetermined answer to pick from EG yes or no

Question 16

Strength of a Close-ended question

Test retest reliability

Answer 16

Close ended questions are all standardised this means that it would have high test retests reliability because there is no change in the possible answers for the questions

Question 17

Weakness of closed ended questions

Acquiescence bias

Answer 17

Acquiescence bias
(the tendency for survey respondents to agree with research statements, without the action being a true reflection of their own position or the question itself.)
Data is invalid = low internal validity

Question 18

Acquiescence bias

Answer 18

the tendency for survey respondents to agree with research statements, without the action being a true reflection of their own position or the question itself.

Question 19

response bias

Answer 19

when participants answer a question in a certain way depending on its wording all the tone it was said in

Question 20

social desirability bias

Answer 20

demand characteristics to make them seem better than they actually are and more likable

Question 21

Ranked scale questions

Answer 21

Close ended questions but on a scale usually least to most agree with or similar e g likert scale

Question 22

Likert Scale

Answer 22

A scale of 1-5 on a Close ended questionnaire
with 1 being the least characteristic of yourself
3 being neither
and 5 being very characteristic of yourself

e.g i always brush my teeth in the morning

1 2 3 4 5

Question 23

Leading questions

Answer 23

A leading question is a question that provokes a certain answer

EG you did obey the police officer?

Should be avoided as it forces an invalid answer which therefore would create invalid data which would affect the overall result of the questionaire

Question 24

Good questions principles

Answer 24

Clarity - making sure questions can’t be interpreted in a way that it is not meant to be interpreted

Bias - making sure questions have no response bias

Analysis - making sure questions answers would be useful and analysable to aid the study

Question 25

Principal of writing a good questionnaire

what to consider

Answer 25

Filler questions should be used which is where irrelevant questions are included to mislead the respondent from the main purpose of the questionnaire

The sequence of the questions
You should start with easy questions saving difficult questions for later so ppts warm up to it

piloting
so the questions can be tested before the main study, this is so you can refine the questions to remove any dificultys or ineffective questions

Question 26

cost/ benifit questionaire

Answer 26

cheap as chips and super quick and simple
large benifit due to easy to create, and large amount of analysable and comparable data