Interviews

Question 1

Interviews

Access

Answer 1

When researchers can be with the respondant or the respondant can get a hold of the interviewer/ questions

in the same room or online ect.

access to the interview

Question 2

Structured Interview

Answer 2

Standardised Pre determined questions

use close Qs to gather quantitive data

easy to administer as interviewer dosn’t need to establish “rapport” (close relationship with respondant understanding their feelings)

Question 3

Unstructured interview

Answer 3

Make questions as go allong by using a loose research aim

Analysis while in interview
gather detailed qualitive data

requires good Rapport, listning skills and no judgments of the ppt

All data is annomitised (made annominous) and personal details descuised

Question 4

Unstructured interview

Weaknesses (ethical sensitivity)

Answer 4

must be carfull ethicaly as questions and qualitive data gathered could be based on ppts own quotes that could be sensitive and cause psychological halm

+ must be carfull and sensitive when asking for personal info as not to breach ppts right to privacy

Question 5

Structured interview

weaknesses (limited oppinions and possibly limited data)

Answer 5

Data gathered may be superficial (appears true but isn’t) + lacks depth

Ppts not able to express oppinion fully due to pre determined questions e.g. closed questions make them feel frustraited

Question 6

Rapport

(relations interview)

Answer 6

the close relationship between the interviewer and the respondant, they understand the ppts feelings

+ build trust to gather more in depth, detailed data

Question 7

Semi-Structured Interview

Answer 7

This type of interview avoids the issues of the other two types as it combines those types best parts

there is a set of pre determined questions they aim to answers
but there is no standardised format to follow
And questions can also be made based on ppts responses to gather more detailed oppinions

so the conversation can flow and achieve the research aims that were set out to get
+ relivent info gathered
+qualitive and quantitive data

this is conversational and dynamic!

Question 8

Semi-structured interview

weaknesses (simular to issues of structured and unstructured)

Answer 8

Due to both some pre determined questions and some made up questions based on ppts responses and from the loose research aim that they start with

this means the predetermined questions may be superficial and lack depth (this is countered by the unstructured questions though)

and the ppts response questions may be sensitive info so could give the ppts psychological halm
simular too Unstructured

Question 9

Interviews types of data gathered

(quantitive qualitive ect.)

Answer 9

Structured = mainly quantituve possibly some qualitive

Unstructured = qualitive

Semi-Structured = qualitive and quantitive

Question 10

Interviews in exploratoty research

(discover new/interesting things by working via research topics)

Answer 10

unstructured = detailed qualitive data, you’re able to study a question previously not studied in Depth, in depth

Semi-Structured = some detail q both qualitive and quantitive data means there is lots of different types of data meaning lots of depth and more possibility for new discoverys

Question 11

Conducting interviews

(transcribes)

Answer 11

during an interview notes can be taken
or
the interview can be recorded

when the interview is complete or notes must be transcribed (data all writen out) so that all data is available for analysis

Question 12

Conducting interviews

What the participent must do

Answer 12

PARTICIPENT:

They must see the schedule before we interview, so that they know what to expect throughout

They must agree to the Chosen format for recording the interview

they must see the full transcript of the interview once complete, so that they can agree that that is what was said during the interview

Question 13

Objectivity in interviews

how reduce interviewer bias

Answer 13

Researches are responsible for: recording, transcribing and analysing the data without allowing their own ideas or opinion to influence the data in any way (try avoid researcher bias)

Ways to remain objective include:

Producing a COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT of the interview this ensures that the THE RESEARCHERS CANNOT SELECT WHAT IS TO BE INCLUDED in the analysis and Report (so nothing is left out)

Ensuring the INTERVIEWEE sees the result and AGREES that they are ACCURATELY RECORDED

Having ANOTHER RESEARCHER analyse the results for INTER RATE RELIABILIYY

Question 14

Strength of Interviews

(extensive info, cost benifit)

Answer 14

Researches can obtain more extensive information

Via the use of gentle questioning

meaning more in-depth data can be obtained, increasing the benifit of the interview
benifiting the cost benifit analysis

Question 15

Weakness of Interviews

(demand characteristics (personal info) and privacy)

Answer 15

Participants May feel less comfortable revealing personal information in a interview than a questionnaire so ppts are more likely to show demand characteristics and say untrue/invalid things which turn into invalid data
reducing the internal validity of interviews and reducing the ethics as they don’t feel their privacy is protected

Question 16

Strength of Interview

(re-order questions for better understanding and therefore better chance to answer fully and truthuly (Internal validity))

Answer 16

Interviews allow for flexibility to change the schedule of questions
(esspecialy in semi-structured interviews)

if the participant gives an interesting answer which may provide insight into the topic being studied
or is having trouble answering questions

High internal validity as the interviews can reorderd so the ppts can understand the questions being asked, and can give an full and truthfull answer.

Question 17

weakness of interviews

(interviewer bias (validity))

Answer 17

Interviews may suffer from interviewer bias
where interviewers oppinions/views can effect the results/ transcripts of the interview
thus clouding objectivity and the data recorded
thisextraneous variable results in invalid data and misinterpretation of the data with an invalid conclusion
resulting in low internal validity

Question 18

Weakness of UnStructured and Semi-Structured interviews

(test-retest reliability)

Answer 18

Due to having little to no predetermined questions
it cannot have a standardised procedure as it is a more personalised data gathering methord
but due to this lack of standardised procedure these types of interviews have low test-retest reliability.