Question Paper

Question 1

Give a detailed account on textile industry

Answer 1

Textile Industry Overview

The textile industry is one of the oldest and most important industries in the world. It involves the production of fibers, fabrics, and clothing. It plays a big role in the economy of many countries, providing jobs and generating income through exports.

1. History of the Textile Industry

Early Beginnings: People have been making textiles for thousands of years using natural fibers like cotton, wool, and silk.

Industrial Revolution: Machines like the spinning jenny and power loom transformed textile production, making it faster and cheaper.

Colonial Period: Countries like India and China were major textile exporters before colonization.

2. Steps in Textile Production
3. Fiber Production:

Natural Fibers: Cotton, wool, silk.

Synthetic Fibers: Polyester, nylon, spandex.

2. Yarn Making: Fibers are spun into threads or yarn.
3. Fabric Making: Threads are woven or knitted to form fabrics.
4. Dyeing and Finishing: Fabrics are colored, printed, or treated.
5. Garment Making: Clothes and other textile products are made.

3. Types of Textiles

Apparel Textiles: Used for clothing.

Home Textiles: Bedsheets, curtains, carpets.

Industrial Textiles: Used in industries like automotive and construction.

Smart Textiles: Fabrics with special features like moisture resistance.

4. Importance of the Textile Industry

Provides jobs to millions of people worldwide.

Contributes to the economy and exports of many countries.

Supplies materials for everyday life and specialized industries.

5. Challenges

Environmental Impact: Textile production uses a lot of water and energy and creates pollution.

Low Wages: Workers in some countries are underpaid.

Global Competition: Countries compete to produce cheap textiles.

6. Future Trends

More focus on sustainability with eco-friendly materials.

Use of technology like 3D printing and smart textiles.

Growth in customized clothing and online shopping.

Conclusion

The textile industry is essential for clothing, employment, and global trade. Its future depends on balancing innovation and environmental care.

Question 2

define progressive bunde system

Answer 2

Progressive Bundle System

The Progressive Bundle System is a garment production method where cut fabric pieces are grouped into bundles and passed sequentially through workstations. Each worker performs one specific task, like stitching or attaching parts, until the garment is complete. This system is suitable for mass production but can be slow and less flexible.

Question 3

define progressive bunde system

Answer 3

Progressive Bundle System (PBS)

The Progressive Bundle System is a traditional method used in garment production. In this system, bundles of cut fabric pieces are moved progressively from one workstation to another, where each worker performs a specific task or operation.

Key Features

1. Bundles: Groups of fabric pieces (e.g., 10-20 pieces) are tied together.
2. Workstations: Each station focuses on one step, like stitching a sleeve or attaching a collar.
3. Progression: The bundle moves sequentially from one operator to the next until the garment is complete.

Advantages

Simple to implement.

Suitable for mass production.

Workers specialize in specific tasks, improving speed.

Disadvantages

Limited flexibility for style changes.

Slower compared to modern systems.

High dependency on worker skill and machine availability.

The PBS is still widely used in small to medium-scale production units.

Question 4

List 6 disadvantages of progressive bundle system

Answer 4

1. Depends heavily on worker skill.
2. Takes more time to complete garments.
3. Hard to adapt to style changes.
4. Delays happen if one station is slow.
5. Mistakes can increase as bundles move through many hands.
6. Needs more space for storing and moving bundles.

Question 5

List 6 advantages of progressive bundle system

Answer 5

1. Easy to manage and organize.
2. Suitable for mass production.
3. Workers specialize in specific tasks, improving efficiency.
4. Simple to train workers for specific operations.
5. Reduces the need for advanced machinery.
6. Allows monitoring of individual worker performance.

Question 6

Computerised spreading machines lay the fabric as required in piles ( or layer) ready fir cutting
A) Discuss 6 advantages of automatic laying machine
B) state 5 disadvantages of automatic laying machine

Answer 6

A) Advantages of Automatic Laying Machines

Automatic laying machines offer numerous benefits that enhance production efficiency in the textile industry.

1. Increased Speed: These machines lay fabric much faster than manual methods, significantly improving overall production time.
2. Consistent Quality: They ensure uniform and precise fabric layers, minimizing errors during the cutting process and ensuring consistent quality.
3. Reduced Fabric Waste: Automatic laying optimizes fabric layout, reducing material wastage and making the most out of available fabric.
4. Labor Savings: Fewer workers are required for fabric laying, lowering labor costs and improving cost efficiency.
5. Minimized Human Error: Automation reduces the chances of mistakes that can occur in manual laying, leading to more accurate results.
6. Higher Productivity: Continuous operation without breaks leads to increased production output, improving overall factory productivity.

B) Disadvantages of Automatic Laying Machines

Despite their advantages, automatic laying machines also come with some challenges.

1. High Initial Cost: The upfront cost of purchasing these machines can be significant, making them a considerable investment for smaller businesses.
2. Maintenance Costs: Regular maintenance and repairs can be costly and require downtime, adding to operational expenses.
3. Limited Flexibility: These machines may not easily adapt to different fabric types or styles, which limits their versatility in diverse production needs.
4. Specialized Training: Operators need specialized training to use and maintain these machines, which may require additional resources for training.
5. Space Requirements: Automatic laying machines require substantial floor space, which may be difficult to accommodate in smaller factories with limited space.

Question 7

Describe the following department workers in clothing manufacturing in industry
quality controller, Warehouse clerk, pattern makers, fashion designer, Pressers

Answer 7

Quality Controller

A Quality Controller in the clothing manufacturing industry ensures that all garments meet the required standards before being released to the market. They inspect fabric and finished products for defects, check stitching, color consistency, and fit, and ensure that the garments meet design specifications. They also perform tests on durability and fabric performance, working to ensure the product is both functional and meets customer expectations.

Warehouse Clerk

A Warehouse Clerk is responsible for managing the storage and inventory of raw materials, fabrics, and finished products within the warehouse. They track stock levels, organize materials for easy access, and ensure that production teams receive the correct supplies on time. Warehouse clerks also prepare and organize orders for shipment to customers or retail stores, ensuring all items are properly packaged and labeled.

Pattern Maker

A Pattern Maker is responsible for translating the designs created by fashion designers into patterns that are used to cut the fabric for garment production. They carefully measure and create templates for each piece of the garment, ensuring a proper fit. Pattern makers may use traditional methods with paper and scissors or modern software tools (CAD) to create and adjust patterns, ensuring accuracy and precision in production.

Fashion Designer

A Fashion Designer is responsible for creating new clothing styles and trends. They sketch designs, select fabrics, and choose colors that align with current trends and consumer preferences. Fashion designers work closely with pattern makers, fabric suppliers, and production teams to ensure their designs are brought to life. They need to balance creativity with practicality, considering fabric properties, production processes, and costs while designing garments that are both stylish and wearable.

Pressers

Pressers are responsible for ironing and pressing garments to give them a polished, professional finish. They use steam irons or specialized pressing machines to remove wrinkles, set pleats, and ensure garments are smooth and ready for final inspection. Pressers work with various fabrics and garment types, ensuring each piece looks crisp and clean before it is packed and shipped to customers or stores.

Question 8

Discuss advantages of using a computer aided design in the industry

Answer 8

Advantages of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) in the Clothing Industry

Introduction:
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) has become an essential tool in the clothing industry, offering several advantages that improve efficiency and product quality.

Body:
CAD increases accuracy by providing precise measurements, which reduces errors in production. It also improves time efficiency, as designers can easily make changes to their designs, speeding up the process. Additionally, CAD helps reduce costs by minimizing fabric waste through optimized patterns, leading to cost savings. Making modifications is also simpler with CAD, allowing quick adjustments without starting from scratch. Lastly, CAD improves communication, as designers can easily share designs with team members and manufacturers, ensuring better collaboration.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, CAD offers significant benefits, including better accuracy, faster design processes, reduced costs, easy modifications, and improved communication, making it a crucial tool in the clothing industry.

Question 9

Give two disadvantages of using a computer aided design in the industry

Answer 9

Disadvantages of Using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) in the Clothing Industry

1. High Initial Costs: The software and hardware required for CAD can be expensive, making the initial investment a barrier for smaller companies or startups in the clothing industry.
2. Technical Skill Requirement: CAD requires specialized training and expertise. Employees need to be skilled in using the software, which can lead to additional training costs and time investment.

Question 10

Distinguish the difference between individual production and batch production

Answer 10

Difference Between Individual Production and Batch Production

1. Production Quantity:

Individual Production focuses on making one item at a time, often custom-made to specific customer requirements.

Batch Production involves creating a group or batch of similar items at once, typically in limited quantities.

2. Flexibility:

Individual Production is highly flexible as each item can be tailored to unique specifications.

Batch Production is less flexible, as it involves producing a set number of items with the same design or specification.

3. Cost:

Individual Production tends to be more expensive per unit due to the custom work and lower volume.

Batch Production generally reduces costs per unit, as producing multiple items at once allows for economies of scale.

4. Time:

Individual Production takes longer per unit because each item is made separately.

Batch Production is faster for larger quantities since many items are produced at the same time, although the setup time can be longer.

5. Application:

Individual Production is used for custom, high-end, or one-off products such as bespoke garments.

Batch Production is used for items that are made in small to medium quantities, such as limited-run clothing collections.