Quasi Experimental Case Study

Question 0

What may cause potential health differences in SES?(2)

Answer 0

Having the money to buy regular healthy food

Being educated on how to live a healthy lifestyle

Question 1

What are signs of SES?(5)

Answer 1

Salary
Car ownership
Ethnicity
Occupation
Education

Question 2

How may ethnicity influence health?(3)

Answer 2

Associated with lower SES
Some cultures believe that being overweight is a good sign of health (Patel 2011)
(More likely to be over weight and not use stairs)

Question 3

Name some physical factors associated with greater slant perception (6)

Answer 3

Increased weight
Older age
Decreased fitness
Increased fatigue

Bhalla and Profitt 1999

Question 4

According to __________, greater self efficacy is associated with _______ positive PA behaviours (3)

Answer 4

Davidson 2010

Greater

Question 5

According to __________, greater positive eating attitude is associated with _______ positive eating habits (3)

Answer 5

Le 2013

Greater

Question 6

Smoking leads to bad health which may lead to ______ slant perception

Answer 6

Greater

Question 7

Increased height and increased quad strength are associated with _______ slant perception

Answer 7

Lower

Question 8

Why are people more likely to walk in places with high ‘people traffic’?(2)

Answer 8

Minimises time penalty of siting for lift or escalator

Eves 2008

Question 9

According to ________, improvements to stairs may ______ stair use

Answer 9

Bouetelle 2001

Increase

Question 10

Increase walking distance ______ walking

Answer 10

Decreases

Question 11

According to Warren 1984 what effect can stair riser height have (2)

Answer 11

Increased stride length

Increased energy expenditure if not in optimal stride length

Question 12

Findings from Warren 1984 step height perception study (2)

Answer 12

Tall people believe they can climb higher steps

As they have longer legged

Question 13

Explain Konczack 1992 leg strength and quad strength study findings (2)

Answer 13

Weaker legs perceive stair height as steeper

Muscles are needed to put support weight

Question 14

Findings Warren 1984 riser height EE study (2)

Answer 14

The optimal riser height has the lowest energetic cost of walking
Taller people have a larger optimal riser height

Question 15

What is the issue with stair steps in buildings

Answer 15

Usually smaller than optimal riser heights

Question 16

Why is the percentage of men important?(3)

Answer 16

Men are usually a greater hurry so more willing to take stairs
Men a stronger than women so perceive stair as less steep
Women carry more fat

Question 17

What does the width of stairs affect?

Answer 17

How quickly the stairs become saturated

Question 18

What can size of workforce affect?

Answer 18

How often lifts are packed

Question 19

What can number of floors affect?(3)

Answer 19

Distance travelled

Time waiting for lift

Question 20

What happens if there are more lifts in building?(2)

Answer 20

More likely to be a free lift

However need to check number of people in building per lift

Question 21

Explain Eves 2008 humidity study (4)

Answer 21

Humidity increases the energetic cost of stair climbing
People are less likely to walk on stairs
Humidity affects men more than women
Women lose heat more easily

Question 22

What affect does stair case height have on stair usage

Answer 22

Decreases stair usage

Question 23

Time is a _____ stream cost and energy is a _______ cost

Answer 23

Ventral (explicit)

Dorsal (implicit)

Question 24

Why is age important in stair climbing

Answer 24

Risk of falling may be significant in elder individual who are at hurt risk of falling this may especially be true for toes who are weak.

They not only perceive hill to be steeper but also have reduced critical riser height due to weaker quads

Question 25

Why may psychological attitudes not matter?(3)

Answer 25

It has been shown that in building site interventions that people are biased to time minimisation and energy minimisation.

Habits can reduce the effects of intention and attitudes

Question 26

What are the effects of traffic at lift in building sites?(3)

Answer 26

Decreases stair use
Possibly because other people are waiting for lift
Lift may already be on its way to floor

Question 27

How can stairs location affect stirs use?

Answer 27

If stairs are sig further than left/escalator then people are more likely to wait

Question 28

Explain Ryan 2011 SES stair climbing findings

Answer 28

Low SES areas walk less than high SES

Question 29

How can workplace lunch affect eating?(2)

Answer 29

Food provided at work may be unhealthy

People more likely to eat that even if they have positive attitude to healthy eating