Human Ethology Flashcards
What were the findings by Eves 2014 on woman/stairs
Women perceive stairs as steeper
Why are women more likely to avoid stairs?(2)
They carry a greater percentage of body fat
Therefore it cost them more energy to climb stairs
What did a study by Lewis and Eves 2011 on weight and stair climbing reveal?
Overweight individuals climb stairs less than normal weight individuals
According to Kerr and Evens, what happens when you increase the height of stair climbing?(2)
Less likely to climb
More likely to take escalator/lift
What were the findings in Eves BMI study
The higher the BMI the greater the slant perception
Explain study by Schnall 2010 (6)
Examined the effects of energy replenishment on slant perception
One group given glucose, one group given placebo beverage
Participants given backpack
Backpack makes task more challenge
So effects on resources can be seen
Glucose group perceived hill as less steep
Explain glucose study Taylor-Covill and Eves 2014 (5)
Participants asked to estimate slant of staircase
After participant are offered a thank you gift of their choice
Participants who chose high energy gift also perceived hill as steeper
Suggests that those who chose high energy had lower glucose levels
May be why they perceived hill as steeper
Why does humidity affect walking percentage in men more than women?(3)
Women lose body heat more easily than men
Men can’t get rid of heat in humidity
As they rely heavily on sweating
Explain Webb and Eves 2007 distance minimisation study (4)
Conducted an intervention on staircase
However the nearby non target stair was used more often than target staircase
Non-target stair was the shortest route to target destination
Therefore less energy due to distance minimisation
What ever the findings from Eves 2008 time minimisation study?(2)
When the escalator becomes packed people are more likely to take stairs
This is because time pressure overrides other considerations
Explain Van Houten 1981 time penalty lift study (2)
Wanted to reduce electricity use in a building
Examined the effects of time minimisation on lift usage
Increasing time taken for lift door to close decreased stair usage and increased stair climbing
This was due to the time penalty
(More evidence for time minimisation)
What behaviour has been observed in elephants and why?(3)
Despite the vegetation on the top of mount koitogor
Elephants will not climb it
It cost too much energy
How may land use mix increase walking?(2)
Can walk short distances to destination
Quicker than driving and finding a place to park
Frank 2004 land use mix findings (accessibility of destinations)
The greater the land use mix the less likely people to people obese
What is the easiest way to stay survival positive?
Minimising lifestyle PA
