QUARTERLY EXAM Q2 Flashcards
a stand alone statement that summarizes the content of your research
RESEARCH TITLE
Characteristics of Research Title
- Engaging
- Succinct (Clear/ Concise)
- Essential Words only (around 5-15 words)
- Grammatically Correct
- Seldom uses abbreviations
Format in Research title
- Topic
- Scope
- Method (rarely)
2 Formats in Research Title
- IMRaD
- Traditional Format (contains chapters)
7 Tips for Research Title
- Don’t think it will be hard
- Know what you like to work on
- Browse relevant research
- Write your draft
- Be open to criticisms and suggestions
- Be willing to adjust or improve
- Finalize with a positive thought
Characteristics of a Good Research Title
- It should predict the content of the research paper
- It should be interesting to the reader
- It should reflect the tone of the writing
- It should contain important keywords that will make it easier to be located during a keywords search
Writing an effective Research Title
- Make sure your research title describes:
- The topic
- The method
- The sample
- The results of your study - Avoid unnecessary words and jargons
- Verify that your title conforms to the standards
- Use a descriptive phrase to convey the purpose of your research efficiently
- Most important, use critical keywords in the title
considered as an intelligent guess or prediction
HYPOTHESIS
are defined as the formal statement of the tentative or expected prediction or explanation
HYPOTHESIS/ HYPOTHESES
Contributions of Hypothesis
- Provides clarity to the research problem and research objectives
- It describes, explains or predicts the expected results or outcome of the research
- It may lead to the formulation of another hypothesis
Types of Hypothesis
- Simple Hypothesis
- Complex Hypothesis
- Empirical Hypothesis
- Null Hypothesis
- Alternative Hypothesis
is one in which there exists a relationship between two variables
SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS
is on in which a relationship among variables also exists
COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS
in this type, dependent and independent variables are more than two
COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS
which means it is based on evidence
EMPIRICAL
in the scientific method, refers to the use of a working hypothesis that can be tested using observation and experiment
EMPIRICAL HYPOTHESIS
is produced by experiment and observation
EMPIRICAL DATA
it is the simplest form of hypothesis
EMPIRICAL HYPOTHESIS
in simple cases, investigation and research are adequately implemented by resuming a question
EMPIRICAL HYPOTHESIS
denotes that there is no significant difference between specified populations
NULL HYPOTHESIS
it is denoted by Ho
NULL HYPOTHESIS
denoted by H1, or Ha
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
claims that there is an effect
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
a hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
characteristics of hypothesis
A hypothesis:
- must be capable of verification
- must be related to the existing body of knowledge
- needs to be precise, simple and specific
defines and describes the
research hypothesis or question(s),
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
SETS THE
STAGE for the rest of our study,
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
What is SOP for?
- Specifies the focus
- Defines the breadth and depth
- Identifies the shape
- Sets the direction
- Conveys time required
SOP must be
- Relevant
- Clear
- Specific
- Research-gap based
- Measurable
The Link
T-SOP-Q-F-C-R
Format for SOP
- General Problem
- Specific Problem
- Logical Sequencing
- Writing Mechanics
has sentence’s as the opening of SOP
GENERAL PROBLEM
the main problem or core issue
GENERAL PROBLEM
are questions that a study or research projects aims to answer
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Tips for SOP
- Align your SOP with the thesis title
- Decide on what’s covered and what’s not
- Check for grammar and redundancies
- Be open minded
2 major parts of RRL
- CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE
- RESEARCH STUDIES
contains literature coming from books, journalism, and other forms of material
CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE
these are empirically-based, like scientific paper, thesis, and dissertations, both published and unpublished
RESEARCH STUDIES
bases for a good RRL
The review material must be current.
Literature and
studies reviewed must be
relevant to the study.
Findings or result
of reviewed study
should be objective and free of biases.
The data used in the reviewed materials
should be scrutinized
Reviewed materials related to the current
study should be enough to establish a strong
and viable trending of result.
sources of RRL
Graduate theses and Dissertation
Encyclopedia of Educational research
Books
Internet sites and resources (website, e-
journals, e-books)
Dictionaries in education and psychology
How to write the intro of a RRL
Identify the general topic of the sources
under discussion. Thus, you will provide the
context of your review of related literature;
Discuss what was already presented about the
topic of your paper: conflicts in a theory,
conclusions, gaps in research and scholarship,
etc.
Explain why the literature used is worth
reviewing