Concepts, Conceptual, Theoretical Flashcards
is a process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts and information to prove the accuracy and truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about the topic of your research
RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCh
ACCURACY
OBJECTIVITY
TIMELINESS
RELEVANCE
CLARITY
SYSTEMATIC
ETHiCAL
it must give factual and exact data in which should be correctly and appropriately documented or acknowledged
ACCURACY
it must deal with facts and not with mere opinions
OBJECTIVITY
it must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society
TIMELINESS
the topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a community
RELEVANCE
it must succeed in expressing central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, concise, and correct language
CLARITY
it must take place in an organized or orderly manner
SYSTEMATIC
respect preferences on matters of confidentiality, independence or freedom
ETHICAL
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
to learn how to work independently
to learn how to work scientifically or systematically
to have an in-depth knowledge of something
to improve your reading and writing skills
to be familiar with the basic tools of research and various techniques of gathering data
to free yourself to a certain extent from domination or strong influence
TYPES OF RESEARCH
BASED ON APPLICATION OF RESEARCH METHOD
1. PURE RESEARCH
2. APPLIED RESEARCH
BASED ON PURPOSE
A. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
B. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
C. EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
D. EXPLONATORY RESEARCH
E. ACTION RESEARCH
deals with ideas, principles, or abstract
concepts
PURE RESEARCH
this type of research may increase knowledge about a particular subject with its nature of discovery and application
PURE RESEARCH
deals with societal problems or issues
APPLIED RESEARCH
this research is conducted with the purpose of answering a question or solving a problem
APPLIED RESEARCH
defining or giving verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, a group, or a situation among others
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
shows relationships or connectedness between two factors, circumstances, or agents called variables that affect the research
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
Based on changes changes
in variables:
- Positive Correlation
- Negative Correlation
- Natural Observation
- Survey Research
- Archival Research
“causal research”. Focuses on the reasons behind the occurrence of something and on the present or future effects of such happening
EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
“formulative research” has the purpose of exploring a certain topic, specifically, one that was not given clear explanations or results in previous research studies
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
clearer understanding of
the research problem
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
an ongoing practice of the school, an organization, a community, or any institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring about improvements in the system
ACTION RESEARCH
carried out in different areas of knowledge, frequently conducted in the field of education
ACTION RESEARCH
Non-numerical Highlights human experience People’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Involves measurement Uses percentages, fractions, and numbers
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
- SCIENTIFIC OR POSITIVE RESEARCH
- NATURALISTIC APPROACH
- TRIANGULATION APPROACH
serves as a guide in the conduct of the study
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
serves as a roadmap that show how your research fits into what is known
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
WHAT TO INCLUDE IN A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
- the basis of the decision through the literative review
- what needs to be proven in the research
- how the researcher can go
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK USES:
- basis as to how the studies will be investigated
- refers to theory, principles, or model to guide him in the conduct of study
- application of theory, principle or model
used to explain, predict and understand phenomena
THEORY
challenge the existing knowledge
THEORY
HOW DO WE WRITE A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3C’s:
- CONTENT
- CONNECTION
2T’s:
- THEORY
- THEORIST
3 PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
- FIRST PARAGRAPH
- SECOND PARAGRAPH
- THIRD PARAGRAPH
introduce the theory
FIRST PARAGRAPH
state the content of the theory
SECOND PARAGRAPH
indicate the connection of the theory
THIRD PARAGRAPH
a written or visual presentation that explains either graphically, or in narrative form
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
conceptual framework represents way of thinking about a problem or a study or way of representing how complex things are
BORDAGE, 2009
the conceptual framework “sets the stage” for the presentation of the particular research question that drives the investigation being reported based on the problem statement
McGaghie et al. 2001
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK SHOULD COVER
- tentative relationships; dependent and independent
where does the conceptual framework fit in research
- RESEARCH PROBLEM
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
- LITERATURE REVIEW
- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
- INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS
- EVALUATION OF THE RESEARCH
purpose of CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH
- identify relevant variables
- define variables
- have an idea of analysis
is used in the broad sense to refer to an abstraction
THEORY
are mental images or ideas relating to phenomena or objects
CONCEPTS
STEPS IN DEVELOPING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
- Identifying the relevant concepts
- Defining those concepts
- Operationalising the concepts
- Identifying any moderating or intervening variables
- Identifying the relationship between variables
Four Models of Conceptual Framework
Equation
Overlapping Domains
Equational Diagram
Ecological Model
variable that is changed
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
variable affected by the change
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
presents a systematic way of understanding events, behaviors and/or situations
THEORY
is a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that explains or predicts events or situations by specifying relations among variables
THEORY
are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge, within the limits of the critical bounding assumptions
THEORIES
is an idea to explain something, or a set of guiding principles
THEORIES