quarter 2 - Q1 Flashcards
Any path along which current and electrons can flow.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Consists of an energy source and an
energy-consuming device, which are connected by conducting wires through which electric charges move.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Unbroken path of material that carries electricity because there is a discontinuity
in the path that the electricity will pass.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
COMPONENTS ARE CONNECTED END TO END
Series Circuit
➔ Two or more loads are linked
across a single loop of wire.
Series Circuit
The same current flows through all components. Theoretically, the current across a series circuit has the same value
Series Circuit
Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances along the path.
Series Circuit
If one component fails, the entire circuit stops working.
Series Circuit
Different loads are situated on
different wire loops
★ Parallel Circuit
Components are connected
across the same voltage source.
★ Parallel Circuit
Voltage across each component is
the same.
★ Parallel Circuit
Each path operates independently
of the other paths.
★ Parallel Circuit
Total current in this circuit equals
the sum of the currents in its
parallel branches.
★ Parallel Circuit
As the number of parallel branches
is increased, resistance of the
circuit is decreased.
★ Parallel Circuit
______ circuits are prone to overloading.
Parallel
➔ Supplies power to the electric
circuit.
Battery
➔ Impede the flow of electric current.
Resistors
➔ Connects other components; act
as conductors for electric current
to flow in the circuit.
Connecting wires
➔ Any component or device that
consumes electrical power.
Load
➔ It converts electrical energy into other forms of energy, such as
light, heat, or mechanical motion.
Load
➔ The difference in potential energy
between two points in the electric
circuit.
Voltage
➔ The amount of flow of electric
charges.
Current
➔ A material’s tendency to resist the
flow of electric charges.
Resistance
TRUE OR FALSE
➔ Batteries have internal resistance.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Parallel resistors have small total resistance
true
TRUE OR FALSE
Connecting batteries in parallel results in a lower current draw. This indicates thicker cables and more voltage drop.
false
Connecting batteries in parallel results in a higher current draw. This indicates thicker cables and more voltage drop.
➔ The presence and flow of electric charges.
➔ If there’s nothing plugged into an outlet, there is no electricity flow since there is nothing or there is no body for the electricity to flow to.
Electricity
➔ Any material that allows electricity current to pass through.
➔ E.g. copper, aluminim, steel
Conductor
➔ Any material that does not allow electricity currents to pass through ➔ E.g. plastic, rubber, glass, cloth,
wood
insulator
The potential difference or voltage across the two ends or terminals of a battery.
VOLTAGE ACROSS A BATTERY
VOLTAGE ACROSS A BATTERY Ranges from about _____ for a small battery to about ______ or a car battery
1.5 V
12 V f
true or false
No electricity is being created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
true
Most batteries are electrochemical cells or groups of connected cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy
true or false
true
Defined as the electric potential produced by either electrochemical cell or by changing the magnetic field
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF)
The energy change in a battery reflects the conversion of stored chemical energy into electrical energy, without violating the principle of conservation of energy
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF)
energy is neither created nor destroyed.
Law of conservation of energy:
Current in a metal is due to the movement of electrons
Measured using an ammeter
ELECTRIC CURRENT (I)
Is represented by I
A flow of charged particles or current
ELECTRIC CURRENT (I)
____ = 1 coulomb of charge per second
1 amp
_______ is present in any medium that allows charged particles to move, enabling the transfer of electrical energy.
Electric current
________ is the flow of electric charge assumed to move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a power source.
Conventional current
_______ is the flow of electric charge assumed to move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.
Direct current
is the flow of electric charge in a single, constant direction.
Direct current
Used in small electronic gadgets and batteries
Direct current
is the flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction.
Alternating current
The electrical supply in most homes is an example of alternating current. Appliances like refrigerators and washing machines operate on AC.
Alternating current
The opposition to the flow of the current
RESISTANCE
➔ Electrical device that offers resistance to electrical flow.
.
Resistor
➔ Causes conversion from electrical energy to heat
Resistor
Conductor properties that affect resistance (4)`
length
cross sectional area
type of material
temperature
Length
➔ Resistance increases with the ____ of the conductor. A longer conductor provides more opportunity for collisions between electrons and atoms, impeding flow.
length
➔ Resistance decreases with a larger
_______. A wider conductor allows more paths for electrons to flow, reducing overall resistance.
Cross sectional area
➔ Different materials have different
intrinsic resistivities. Metals (like copper) have low resistance, while insulators (like rubber) have high resistance due to their atomic structure.
Type of material
➔
Resistance generally increases with ________ in conductors. Higher temperatures cause increased atomic vibrations, which obstruct the flow of electrons, leading to higher resistance
temperature
Property of conductor due to which it offers resistance to the flow of current through it.
RESISTIVITY (P)
The better the conductor, the more the resistance.
true or false
FALSE
The better the conductor, the lesser the resistance.
insulators have low resistivity while
Conductors have high resistivity.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
Conductors have low resistivity while
insulators have high resistivity.
➔ Component that limits or regulates
flow of electrical current in an
electronic circuit
Resistor
First color band: ____ digit
first
Second color band: ____ digit
second
Third color band: ______
multiplier
Fourth color band: ______
tolerance
_____, also called electromotive force, is a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field.
Voltage
Any flow of charge such as this is called an ______.
electric current.
______ is the hindrance to the flow of charge.
Resistance
WHO DISCOVERED OHMS LAW
GEORGE OHM
The higher the electrical potential
difference or voltage between two points in a circuit, the more charges can move between these points
OHM’S LAW
Current (I) is directly proportional to voltage (V) and inversely proportional to resistance (R)
OHM’S LAW
➔ The rate at which electric energy is converted into another form such as mechanical energy, heat, or light.
ELECTRIC POWER (P)
The product of current (amp) and voltage (volt)
ELECTRIC POWER (P)
➔ Power: energy per unit time (watt)
➔ The power times the number of hours is
the energy consumed per kilowatt-hour
➔ Kilowatt-hour (kWh) : unit used in
electrical energy costs
ENERGY-POWER
