quarter 2 - Q1 Flashcards by chloe ortega

Any path along which current and electrons can flow.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

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Consists of an energy source and an
energy-consuming device, which are connected by conducting wires through which electric charges move.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

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Unbroken path of material that carries electricity because there is a discontinuity
in the path that the electricity will pass.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

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COMPONENTS ARE CONNECTED END TO END

Series Circuit

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➔ Two or more loads are linked
across a single loop of wire.

Series Circuit

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The same current flows through all components. Theoretically, the current across a series circuit has the same value

Series Circuit

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Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances along the path.

Series Circuit

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If one component fails, the entire circuit stops working.

Series Circuit

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Different loads are situated on
different wire loops

★ Parallel Circuit

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Components are connected
across the same voltage source.

★ Parallel Circuit

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Voltage across each component is
the same.

★ Parallel Circuit

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Each path operates independently
of the other paths.

★ Parallel Circuit

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Total current in this circuit equals
the sum of the currents in its
parallel branches.

★ Parallel Circuit

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As the number of parallel branches
is increased, resistance of the
circuit is decreased.

★ Parallel Circuit

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______ circuits are prone to overloading.

Parallel

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➔ Supplies power to the electric
circuit.

Battery

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➔ Impede the flow of electric current.

Resistors

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➔ Connects other components; act
as conductors for electric current
to flow in the circuit.

Connecting wires

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➔ Any component or device that
consumes electrical power.

Load

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➔ It converts electrical energy into other forms of energy, such as
light, heat, or mechanical motion.

Load

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➔ The difference in potential energy
between two points in the electric
circuit.

Voltage

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➔ The amount of flow of electric
charges.

Current

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➔ A material’s tendency to resist the
flow of electric charges.

Resistance

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TRUE OR FALSE

➔ Batteries have internal resistance.

TRUE

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TRUE OR FALSE Parallel resistors have small total resistance

true

TRUE OR FALSE Connecting batteries in parallel results in a lower current draw. This indicates thicker cables and more voltage drop.

false Connecting batteries in parallel results in a higher current draw. This indicates thicker cables and more voltage drop.

➔ The presence and flow of electric charges. ➔ If there’s nothing plugged into an outlet, there is no electricity flow since there is nothing or there is no body for the electricity to flow to.

Electricity

➔ Any material that allows electricity current to pass through. ➔ E.g. copper, aluminim, steel

Conductor

➔ Any material that does not allow electricity currents to pass through ➔ E.g. plastic, rubber, glass, cloth, wood

insulator

The potential difference or voltage across the two ends or terminals of a battery.

VOLTAGE ACROSS A BATTERY

VOLTAGE ACROSS A BATTERY Ranges from about _____ for a small battery to about ______ or a car battery

1.5 V 12 V f

true or false No electricity is being created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

true

Most batteries are electrochemical cells or groups of connected cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy true or false

true

Defined as the electric potential produced by either electrochemical cell or by changing the magnetic field

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF)

The energy change in a battery reflects the conversion of stored chemical energy into electrical energy, without violating the principle of conservation of energy

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF)

energy is neither created nor destroyed.

Law of conservation of energy:

Current in a metal is due to the movement of electrons Measured using an ammeter

ELECTRIC CURRENT (I)

Is represented by I A flow of charged particles or current

ELECTRIC CURRENT (I)

____ = 1 coulomb of charge per second

1 amp

_______ is present in any medium that allows charged particles to move, enabling the transfer of electrical energy.

Electric current

________ is the flow of electric charge assumed to move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a power source.

Conventional current

_______ is the flow of electric charge assumed to move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.

Direct current

is the flow of electric charge in a single, constant direction.

Direct current

Used in small electronic gadgets and batteries

Direct current

is the flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction.

Alternating current

The electrical supply in most homes is an example of alternating current. Appliances like refrigerators and washing machines operate on AC.

Alternating current

The opposition to the flow of the current

RESISTANCE

➔ Electrical device that offers resistance to electrical flow. .

Resistor

➔ Causes conversion from electrical energy to heat

Resistor

Conductor properties that affect resistance (4)`

length cross sectional area type of material temperature

Length ➔ Resistance increases with the ____ of the conductor. A longer conductor provides more opportunity for collisions between electrons and atoms, impeding flow.

length

➔ Resistance decreases with a larger _______. A wider conductor allows more paths for electrons to flow, reducing overall resistance.

Cross sectional area

➔ Different materials have different intrinsic resistivities. Metals (like copper) have low resistance, while insulators (like rubber) have high resistance due to their atomic structure.

Type of material

➔ Resistance generally increases with ________ in conductors. Higher temperatures cause increased atomic vibrations, which obstruct the flow of electrons, leading to higher resistance

temperature

Property of conductor due to which it offers resistance to the flow of current through it.

RESISTIVITY (P)

The better the conductor, the more the resistance. true or false

FALSE The better the conductor, the lesser the resistance.

insulators have low resistivity while Conductors have high resistivity. TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE Conductors have low resistivity while insulators have high resistivity.

➔ Component that limits or regulates flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit

Resistor

First color band: ____ digit

first

Second color band: ____ digit

second

Third color band: ______

multiplier

Fourth color band: ______

tolerance

_____, also called electromotive force, is a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field.

Voltage

Any flow of charge such as this is called an ______.

electric current.

______ is the hindrance to the flow of charge.

Resistance

WHO DISCOVERED OHMS LAW

GEORGE OHM

The higher the electrical potential difference or voltage between two points in a circuit, the more charges can move between these points

OHM’S LAW

Current (I) is directly proportional to voltage (V) and inversely proportional to resistance (R)

OHM’S LAW

➔ The rate at which electric energy is converted into another form such as mechanical energy, heat, or light.

ELECTRIC POWER (P)

The product of current (amp) and voltage (volt)

ELECTRIC POWER (P)

➔ Power: energy per unit time (watt) ➔ The power times the number of hours is the energy consumed per kilowatt-hour ➔ Kilowatt-hour (kWh) : unit used in electrical energy costs

ENERGY-POWER