Q1 Flashcards
The difference between the measured/estimated value from the true value is called the?
error
2 Types of error
RANDOM
SYSTEMATIC
Errors you cannot control
E.g. measuring something and it ends in the middle of lines so you estimate.
Random error
start measurement with zero to lessen uncertainty
Zeroing uncertainty
broken equipment
wrong usage of equipment
Systematic error
this means doubt about the validity of the result of a measurement.
Uncertainty of measurements
you decide for yourself what the measurement is
Judgement uncertainty
thumb to pinky
handspan
1 finger =
1 digit
tallest finger to elbow
cubit
1 foot step
pace
one hand to another
armspan
size of foot
foot span
Measurements that are based on human body dimensions or common movements. They are often used in informal contexts or historical settings.
NON-STANDARDIZED MEASUREMENTS
These measurements are inaccurate due to variability among individuals, lack of universal standards, inconsistent application, and their practical rather than precise nature.
NON-STANDARDIZED MEASUREMENTS
Also referred to as imperial units
ENGLISH MEASUREMENTS
A measurement system acknowledged internationally.
Decimal-based
Originated in France
METRIC UNITS
The difference between the measure/estimated value from the true value.
ERROR
refers to consistent, repeatable inaccuracies in measurements that occur due to flaws in the measurement process or equipment.
SYSTEMATIC ERROR
the variability in measurements that arise from unpredictable fluctuations and uncertainties inherent in any measurement process.
RANDOM ERROR
Determining the weight using equipment with using your judgment as a second opinion
Judgment Uncertainty
t or f
All non-zero numbers are significant.
true
t or f
Zeros between two non-zero digits are not significant.
f
Zeros between two non-zero digits are significant.
Leading zeros are significant.
t or f
f
Leading zeros are not significant.
Trailing zeros to the right of the decimal are significant.
t or f
true
Trailing zeros in a whole number with the decimal shown are significant.
t or f
true
Trailing zeros in a whole number with no decimal shown are significant.
t or f
false
Trailing zeros in a whole number with no decimal shown are not significant.
numbers that are exact
1 dozen = 12 eggs
discrete
have both magnitude and direction
E.g. displacement, velocity, momentum, force, lift, thrust
Represented with the use of arrows
Vector quantities
indicates the direction in which the vector is pointing.
Head of the arrow
numbers that are not exact
12 inches =13.48 cm
continuous
have magnitude but no direction
E.g. volume, area, energy, work, pressure
Scalar quantities
represents the starting point or origin of the vector
Tail of the arrow
represents the magnitude of the vector
Length of the arrow
North
South
East
West
Cardinal directions
Northeast (NE) - 45º N of E / 45º E of N
Northwest (NW) - 45º N of W / 45º W of N
Southeast (SE) - 45º S of E / 45º E of S
Southwest (SW) - 45º S of W / 45º W of S
Intercardinal directions
Vector sum of 2 or more vectors; produces the same combined effect
Resultant vector / resultant (FR)
Called—- because vectors are connected at the tail at the same point of origin
tail to tail
Called ——– method because you create a parallelogram by drawing imaginary lines parallel to each vector. Once these imaginary lines meet, a diagonal line from the same origin is drawn to the point of intersection of the imaginary lines. This diagonal line is the resultant vector.
parallelogram
Same magnitude compared to the resultant vector but in the opposite direction.
Equilibrant vector (FE)
A + B = B + A
The order in which you add numbers does not change the sum.
Commutative
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
the way in which numbers are grouped when adding does not change the sum.
Associative
Used when it is already confirmed that the given vectors form right angles which means they can also form right triangles
ANALYTICAL METHOD
used when there are right triangles present
pythagorean theorem:
used to find the missing side or angle of a right triangle
trigonometric functions / SOHCAHTOA:
formula:
x= r cos 0
y= r sin 0
NoW, NoE, SoW, SoE
formula:
x= r sin0
y= r cos0
WoN, WoS, EoN, EoS
Conducting of experiments
Use of motion sensors, force tables, etc.
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
