Quarter 2 – Module 3: Social Relationships in Middle and Late Adolescence

Question 1

refers to the
effort of others that induces an effect
on the attitudes and behaviors of
people. It describes the manner by
which individuals impact the views,
moods, and actions of other people.
Social influence occurs when the
attitudes or behaviors of people are
affected by another person or group
(Caparas, 2018).

Answer 1

Social influence

Question 2

Who describe the
social influence as the modification of actions that an individual produces in another,
either based on personal volition or as an outcome of the manner the changed
individual regards the self-relative to the influencer, other people, and the society as
a whole.

Answer 2

Psychologists Solomon Asch (1966) and Stanley Milgram (1983)

Question 3

The theory of influence formulated by psychology professor Robert Cialdini is

Answer 3

founded on the doctrines of mutuality, obligation, reliability, shared evidence, power,
fondness, and inadequacy (Cialdini, 2009).

Question 4

There are six principles of social influence
crafted by Cialdini through a series of experimental studies that he conducted, and
these are the following:

Answer 4

1. Reciprocity or mutuality
2. Commitment, obligation, and consistency
3. Social proof or shared evidence
4. Authority or power
5. Liking or fondness
6. Scarcity or inadequacy

Question 5

People tend to return the favor, pay back debts,
and treat other people the way they are treated.

Answer 5

1. Reciprocity or mutuality.

Question 6

People have a deep desire to be
consistent. They are inclined to stick with something once a commitment is made.

Answer 6

2. Commitment, obligation, and consistency.

Question 7

This principle relies on the likelihood that
people will do what others are doing. People feel “safe” performing tasks that
they find other people doing.

Answer 7

3. Social proof or shared evidence.

Question 8

In almost all circumstances, people tend to obey
authority figures. They feel a sense of duty or obligation to follow orders.
Degrees, position, title, uniforms, and even gadgets or paraphernalia lend an
air of authority that influences people’s behavior or thinking.

Answer 8

4. Authority or power

Question 9

Cialdini asserts that people are more likely to be
influenced or persuaded by individuals they like, are familiar with, or are
similar to them. People tend to buy items offered by friends, personal contacts,
and acquaintances.

Answer 9

5. Liking or fondness.

Question 10

The principle of scarcity suggests that people are
more likely to get attracted to things with limited availability. The attraction
stems from losing the opportunity if they do not grab the chance to acquire
the commodity on the immediate instance.

Answer 10

6. Scarcity or inadequacy.

Question 11

Sources of Social Influence
Social influence can be approached in three levels of analysis as recognized
by sociologists. These are

Answer 11

social institutions, interactions with other people, and
individual socialization (Caparas, 2018)

Question 12

School organizations,
religious organizations,
and neighborhood clubs
Attitudes,
beliefs, values,
and behavior of
people.

Answer 12

1. Social institutions.

Question 13

(This influence
results from people’s
interaction with other
individuals in school, at
home, or at play.)
daily interactions, talking
with others, making
clique, and

Answer 13

2. Interaction with other
   people

Question 14

(characterizes the
dynamism of an
individual’s continuous
exposure
and
familiarization)
establishing relationships,
commitment,
professionalism,
upholding moral values,
and individual identity

Answer 14

3. Individual socialization

Question 15

What influences among the three social institution, interaction with others people, and individual socialization

Answer 15

Attitudes,
beliefs, values,
and behavior of
people.

Question 16

The person who influences you has the power to change you because you tend
to imitate some of his or her personality traits and this power is called ______ with, attraction to, or respect for the source of influence.

Answer 16

referent
power or identification

Question 17

The person who influences you has the power to change you because you tend
to imitate some of his or her personality traits and this power is called ______ with, attraction to, or respect for the source of influence.

Answer 17

referent
power or identification

Question 18

is described as the ability to effect change in other people to
accomplish desired goals. It involves undertaking collaborative efforts, determining
the right persons to do certain tasks, and coping with challenges in various
situations (Caparas, 2018).

Answer 18

Leadership

Question 19

is a
relationship among leaders and followers, which is influential in effecting change and
realizing common goals.
Professors Laurent Lapierre and Melissa Carsten (2014) maintain that
leadership will not happen if there are no followers in the same way that the benefits
will not be realized without followers. It is equally important that the followers
understand their roles and how they impact the leaders and the leadership process.

Answer 19

according to Daft (2011), leadership

Question 20

What the are three styles of leadership, as follows:

Answer 20

1. Autocratic or authoritarian
2. Participative or democratic
3. Laissez-faire

Question 21

In this kind of leadership style, all aspects of
leadership are vested on the leaders as can be seen with dictators. Leaders do
not necessarily consult their subordinates. They decide on their own and keep
the decision themselves until they feel the need to share it with the group
members (Lewin et al. 1939).

Answer 21

1. Autocratic or authoritarian.

Question 22

The democratic leadership style upholds a
consultative and participative style of leadership. Here, the group leader
advances the welfare of the members and promotes fairness. This is also
known as “shared” or “group-centered leadership” (Caparas, 2018).

Answer 22

2. Participative or democratic.

Question 23

The democratic leadership style upholds a
consultative and participative style of leadership. Here, the group leader
advances the welfare of the members and promotes fairness. This is also
known as “shared” or “group-centered leadership” (Caparas, 2018).

Answer 23

2. Participative or democratic.

Question 24

Leaders provide their team members freedom to do their work
and set deadlines. The group members are given autonomy to decide on
policies and procedures. Team members feel challenged to generate novel
ideas and innovative strategies (Caparas, 2018).

Answer 24

3. Laissez-faire.

Question 25

According to _____to be an effective leader, you should understand the
importance of being flexible in adjusting your behaviors to fit the circumstances of
your group, if there is time pressure on a leader or the members are too slow to finish
their tasks, the leader must adopt an autocratic style. In contrast, when you see that
your members can make wise decisions, you may revert it back to the democratic
style.

Answer 25

Daft (2011),

Question 26

Judge et al. (2002) found in their study the big five personality dimensions as
follows:

Answer 26

1. Extraversion/ surgency
2. Agreeableness
3. conscientiousness
4. Emotional stability
5. Intellect/ openness to experience.

Question 27

The act of adherence to a leader is what is described as followership. This
behavior of an individual occurs in a cluster of people, teams, or organization (Riggio
et al. 2008). The success or failure of an organization depends not only on the
competencies of the leader but also on the extent to which the followers abide by the
leader (Kelley 1988). Even leaders must be willing to shift into or out of their role
under certain circumstances to influence change in their followers and achieve
common goals (Daft, 2011). The relationship between leaders and followers should
show reciprocity or mutual exchange of influence (Bass, 1990). Leaders influence
followers, and, at the same time, followers influence leaders

Answer 27

Followership

Question 28

Bossidy (2007) cited some of the things expected from an effective follower:

Answer 28

1. A make-it-happen attitude. Leaders expect results from their followers as they
   do not need excuses. Tasks become smoother when followers can complete
   tasks and get things done.
2. A willingness to collaborate. It is important in the realization of the common
   goal. The strength of the team is heavily dependent on the interdependence of
   self-reliable members.
3. The passion to drive your own growth. Leaders seek for followers who want to
   develop themselves. The best followers are those who have skills, but those
   who take the responsibility to continuously improve their abilities.

Question 29

Leaders expect results from their followers as they
do not need excuses. Tasks become smoother when followers can complete
tasks and get things done.

Answer 29

1. A make-it-happen attitude.

Question 30

It is important in the realization of the common
goal. The strength of the team is heavily dependent on the interdependence of
self-reliable members.

Answer 30

2. A willingness to collaborate.

Question 31

Leaders seek for followers who want to
develop themselves. The best followers are those who have skills, but those
who take the responsibility to continuously improve their abilities.

Answer 31

3. The passion to drive your own growth.

Question 32

Kelly (1988) determine five classes/ types of followers and these are the following:

Answer 32

▪ Conformist
▪ Exemplary
▪ Passive
▪ Pragmatics
▪ Alienated

Question 33

These individuals say yes to their leaders. They commit
themselves to the accomplishment of the goals of the team or organization.

Answer 33

▪ Conformist.

Question 34

Individuals who possess traits such as optimism, energy, and the
ability to think freely and critically. They practice critical thinking as applied
to decision making.

Answer 34

▪ Exemplary

Question 35

Followers who do not exercise critical thinking and simply do what
has been instructed to them.

Answer 35

▪ Passive.

Question 36

These individuals who like to remain in the background of the
group. They do not usually express their views about controversial issues until
the majority has spoken up.

Answer 36

▪ Pragmatics

Question 37

Those who exude negativism as they believe that they have the
authority and responsibility to lead the organization. They simply play the
devil’s advocate by persistently challenging the judgement, position, and
actions of the leader.

Answer 37

▪ Alienated