Family Structures & Legacies

Question 1

refers to a family support system which involves two married individuals providing care and stability for their biological offspring/s. The family is created at birth and establishes ties across generations.

Answer 1

Family Structure

Question 2

Shelton (2010) categorized the basic types of families such as the

Answer 2

Nuclear Family, Single Parent Family, Extended Family and Childless Family (Santos, 2019). Then, later on new variations of family structures have surfaced such as Interracial Marriages, Adoptive Families and Same-Sex Marriages. Below are the enumeration and definition of each

Question 3

A family unit consisting of at most a father, mother and their dependent offspring/s. The father is usually the provider or breadwinner while the mother stays at home as the homemaker who manages the house and their child/ren.

Answer 3

1) Nuclear or Traditional Family –

Question 4

As the society evolves, it has changed the traditional set-up of the traditional nuclear family where there’s reversal of roles between the mother and the father. It is called

Answer 4

Contemporary Lifestyles

Question 5

This can either be a father or a mother who is solely responsible for the raising of a child while earning for a living to provide for the offspring/s (either by choice or by life circumstances). The child becomes part of the family by birth/adoption. The father Movie: Despicable Me https://cutt.ly/Okub8gq Retrieved: 01/30/2021 or mother may be supported by relatives or hired caregivers (common occurrence in many Asian countries). He/she may be assisted financially by parents or relatives. Some single parents decide on cohabiting with partner who is not the biological parent of the child/ren.

Answer 5

2) Single Parent Family –

Question 6

A family consisting of a nuclear family (parents and children), plus the parents of either the husband or wife, or both their parents, along with either or both grandparents, aunts or uncles, cousins, grandchildren etc. This is a very common family arrangement most particularly in Asia. Commonly, the husband/man of the house is the head of the family. However, in an extended family, there could exist some friction when it comes to decision making related to family affairs especially with the presence of the couple’s parents.

Answer 6

3) Extended Family –

Question 7

This is just composed of a couple (husband and wife) who either cannot or choose not to have children. Sometimes called the “Forgotten Family”. They may or may not have household help assisting around the house. Some couples adopt a pet in their home.

Answer 7

4) Childless Family –

Question 8

What are the basic types of family structures

Answer 8

Nuclear or traditional family
Single parent family
Extended family
Childless family

Question 9

– A family where the parents are members of different racial identity groups.

Answer 9

1) Interracial Marriages

Question 10

– A family wherein one or more of the children has been adopted.

Answer 10

2) Adoptive Families

Question 11

– A family where one or both of the parents’ sexual orientation is gay or lesbian and decided to cohabit. This has become a norm Ellen Degeneres especially in the United States of America and more countries are allowing same-sex marriages.

Answer 11

3) Same-sex Marriage

Question 12

What are the new variation of family structures

Answer 12

Interracial Marriages
Adoptive Families
Same sex marriage

Question 13

The family is considered the first place where growing children learn their basic social skills (Bautista, 2019). As cited in Papalia & Feldman (2012) from (Overbeek et al, 2007), the child’s future relationships as he or she approaches adulthood is determined by his/her interaction and quality of relationship between the parent and the child. Family influences may vary based on the family structure present in the home (Bautista, 2019).

Answer 13

INFLUENCE OF FAMILY STRUCTURE ON THE ADOLESCENT

Question 14

Nuclear Family ⮚ Values, social skills, and behavior are directly learned from the parents (and/or primary caregivers); ⮚ Unique parenting styles; ⮚ Nature of parental authority they practice; ⮚ General atmosphere at home.

Answer 14

Positive Influence

Question 15

Single Parent Family ⮚ Single Parents try to become both the mother and father; ⮚ The child may grow up well-adjusted or temperamental depending on how the single parent manages the child.

Answer 15

Positive influence

Question 16

⮚ The absence of one parent (either the father or mother) who serves as role model may create an impact on the growing child; ⮚ There’s a need to seek out a relative (usually of the opposite sex) to stand in to compensate for the absence of the parent.

Type of Family Structure Positive Influence Negative Influence.

Answer 16

Negative influences of single parents

Question 17

Extended Family

⮚ Values taught may also come from the grandparents.

⮚ Provides the child a sense of stability in relationships because of the presence of different generations within a home;

⮚ To see continuum of the family line;

⮚ Provides the child a sense of anchoring to the family’s history enabling the child to appreciate family heritage and traditions because of the presence of grandparents.

Answer 17

Positive influences

Question 18

⮚ Influence only comes from one parent and may differ accordingly.
⮚ Sometimes causes a clash between the parents and the grandparents and may confuse the child most especially when the biological parents may adopt a parenting style that is opposite that of the grandparents

Answer 18

Negative influences of extended family

Question 19

What are the four types parenting styles:

Answer 19

Authoritative parents
Authoritarian parents
Permissive/Indulgent Parent
Uninvolved/Neglectful parents

Question 20

– This is when parents have high-but reasonable and consistent expectations for children’s behavior. They communicate well with them warmly and responsively. Then, use reasoning rather than coercion to guide one’s behavior. An authoritative parent insists on essential values, norms and rules so their children could learn yet they are also willing to sit down to listen and negotiate. These kind of parents’ exercises control to a child’s behavior but not the child’s emotions, beliefs, and self-concept. This kind of parenting is considered as the key factor in the psychosocial development of the adolescent. It helps foster a healthy and positive impact on their development. Authoritative parents tend to raise children who ware empowered to make their own good decisions; value respect, resiliency and etc.

Answer 20

1) Authoritative Parent

Question 21

– this is when parents have low support and high expectations. They do this because they expect obedience because they are “in charge” and no explanations. The children of authoritarian parents may associate obedience and success with love; display more aggressive behavior outside home; may have lower self-esteem; conform easily and struggle with self-control

Answer 21

2) Authoritarian Parent

Question 22

– this is when there is high support and less/without expectations among parents toward their children. Parents tend to be lenient; they do not expect their children to follow rules and regulations and also tend to avoid confrontation. These children raised on this parenting style tend to rank low in happiness and self-regulation, and more likely to have conflict/s with authority.

Answer 22

3) Permissive/Indulging Parent

Question 23

– this is when parents are low in both support and expectations. Children who has experienced this kind of parenting style tend to rank lowest across all life domains, lack of self-control, have low self-esteem, and are less competent than others of the same group or age.

Answer 23

4) Uninvolved/Neglectful Parent

Question 24

The children and adolescents learn through observing many types of behaviors and attitude they see in their family; this is how they learn from their society.

Answer 24

ALBERT BANDURA’S THEORY OF SOCIAL LEARNING

Question 25

What are the four important factors in observational learning are explained below:

Answer 25

Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation

Question 26

– The learner needs to pay attention first in order to learn. If there is distraction, it will affect the amount or quality of learning that occurs.

Answer 26

1) Attention

Question 27

– Also called as Repetition or Application of learning to real life situations also enhances retention. This is the learner’s ability to store information learned which is very important. To reinforce this, one can adapt some memory techniques (writing, repetition or application) of learning to real-life situations.

Answer 27

2) Retention

Question 28

– is the production of the first two steps: attention and retention. Simply, it is called practice. You do this by performing the observable behavior and further practice in order to improve and sharpen your skills.

Answer 28

3) Reproduction

Question 29

– To achieve success in observational learning, you need to be motivated to imitate the modeled behavior. In this stage, reinforcement and punishment affects motivation. If one is rewarded, one is likely to continue and repeat the behavior. If otherwise, one may extinguish the behavior because he/she is ignored or punished.

Answer 29

4) Motivation

Question 30

is the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring (Url: Britannica, 2021).

Answer 30

Family Heredity

Question 31

What are some characteristics that are influenced by heredity and even by the environment? .

Answer 31

They are the physical, intellectual, traits/personality and other health related genetics

Question 32

Some Characteristics influenced by heredity/environment are the following:

– obesity or leanness

Answer 32

1. Physical

Question 33

predispositions to certain diseases.

Answer 33

2. Health Related Genetics –

Question 34

– intelligence including other factors such as brain size and structure and genetic makeup. Environmental factors include proper

Answer 34

3. Mental/Cognitive

Question 35

– 40-50% of our personality traits we got from our parents.

A. is the characteristics/manner by which an individual looks at the situations and how they react to them.

B.– are influential in the development for such traits.

c. These can be learned through___ .

Answer 35

4. Personality traits
   a. Temperament
   b. Environmental factors
   C.Observation

Question 36

A graphical map of a family’s history that traces and illustrates patterns in its structure and characteristics using special symbols to describe relationships, major events, diseases, traditions, social and personal beliefs, rituals, cultural heritage, religious beliefs, value systems, philosophies about life, and the dynamics of a family over several generations.

Answer 36

GENOGRAM

Question 37

There are possible traits you may want to trace in your family:
● Physical characteristics (skin tone, shapes of eyes, nose, lips, hair type, baldness, diseases)

● Genetic or external factors (artistic, musical, literary and sports abilities)

● Social and economic backgrounds (occupations, educational level, school and political affiliations)

● Religious values ( religious affiliations, practices and beliefs)

● Family values (family cohesion, exclusivity, respect for elders)

● Cultural background (provincial origins, languages or dialects spoken, social skills, world views such as feng shui, karma, superstitions)