Quarter 1: Lesson 5

Question 1

process by which photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy which later is used to fuel cellular activities. The chemical energy is stored in the form of sugars which are created from water and carbon dioxide.

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

upper and lower surface layers of cells. A protective layer of cells covering the entire leaf which is coated with a waterproof, waxy material called cutin.

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

upper and lower surface layers of cells. A protective layer of cells covering the entire leaf which is coated with a waterproof, waxy material called _____.

Answer 3

cutin

Question 4

are found on the lower surface of the leaf that allows the entrance of carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis. They also serve as exit points for the oxygen produced during photosynthesis.

Answer 4

Stomata

Question 5

makes up the vein. Veins support the leaf and are filled with vessels that transport food, water, and minerals to the plant.

Answer 5

Vascular Tissues

Question 6

for the transport of water and minerals

Answer 6

Xylem

Question 7

for the transport of food

Answer 7

Phloem

Question 8

middle layer of cells that comprises most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis.

Answer 8

Mesophyll

Question 9

made up of compactly arranged cells usually located near the upper surface. This allows better access to light and prevents excessive loss of water. With numerous chloroplasts, the palisade mesophyll performs the bulk of photosynthesis.

Answer 9

Palisade mesophyll

Question 10

are loosely arranged and located near the lower epidermis. Gasses like carbon dioxide are dissolved in water and stored in the large intercellular spaces of the spongy mesophyll. Thin walls of the mesophyll cells facilitate rapid passage of water and carbon dioxide, both of which are reactants in photosynthesis.

Answer 10

Spongy mesophyll cells

Question 11

It is a semi-porous membrane and is permeable to small molecules and ions, which diffuses easily. The outer membrane is not permeable to larger proteins.

Answer 11

Outer membrane

Question 12

is usually about 10-20 nanometers and it is present between the outer and the inner membrane of the chloroplast.

Answer 12

Intermembrane Space

Question 13

forms a border to the stroma. It regulates passage of materials in and out of the chloroplast.

Answer 13

Inner membrane

Question 14

aqueous fluid which is protein rich and is present within the inner membrane of the chloroplast. The space outside the thylakoid space is called the stroma.

Answer 14

Stroma

Question 15

suspended in the stroma. The thylakoid system is a collection of membranous sacs called thylakoids. The chlorophyll is found in the thylakoids and is the site for the process of light reactions of photosynthesis to happen. The thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as grana. Each granum contains around 10-20 thylakoids.

Answer 15

Thylakoid System

Question 16

Photosynthesis takes place in two sequential stages:

Answer 16

The light-dependent reactions;
The light-independent reactions, or Calvin Cycle.

Question 17

begins with the light reaction which is carried out only during the day in the presence of sunlight. In plants, the light-dependent reaction takes place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Answer 17

Photosynthesis

Question 18

membrane-bound sacs like structures present inside the thylakoid, functions by gathering light and is called photosystems.

Answer 18

grana

Question 19

have large complexes of pigment and protein molecules present within the plant cells which plays the primary role during the process of light reactions of photosynthesis.

Answer 19

photosystems