Quarter 1: Lesson 3 Flashcards
a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation and heredity in organisms.
Genetics
a process by which genetic information is passed on from parents to children.
Inheritance
a different form of gene that controls a certain trait
Allele
two different alleles of contrasting pair fully expressed at the same in the heterozygous individual.
Codominance
any difference between cells, individual organisms or groups of organisms of any species.
Variation
it is a unit of heredity; a section of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
Gene
physical feature or trait of an organism.
Phenotype
genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
This means having two different alleles of a particular gene.
Heterozygous
This means having two particular alleles of a particular gene.
Homozygous
graphical representation of the possible genotypes of an offspring arising from a particular cross or breeding event.
Reginald Punnett
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
This is a type of inheritance wherein the patterns of phenotypes do not coincide with those that was presented in the Mendelian Law of inheritance.
Non-Mendelian Inheritance
It is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a new phenotype.
Incomplete Dominance
occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygous offspring, exhibiting the traits of both parents.
Codominance
female chromosomes
xx
male chromosomes
xy
Genes that are carried by either sex chromosome
sex-linked.
refers to the inheritance of traits that are expressed only in either the male or the female offspring due to their expression being influenced by differences in the anatomy of males and females.
Sex limited inheritance
is a trait controlled by a pair of alleles found on the autosomal chromosomes (pairs 1 through 22) but its phenotypic expression is influenced by the presence of certain hormones.
Sex-Influenced Traits
(sometimes called “male pattern baldness,” though the condition isn’t restricted to males). This gene has two alleles, “bald” and “non-bald.”
Pattern baldness
Pattern baldness in humans (sometimes called “male pattern baldness,” though the condition isn’t restricted to males). This gene has two alleles, “bald” and “non-bald.” The behaviors of the products of these genes are highly influenced by the hormones in the individual, particularly by the hormone ________.
testosterone
