Quantification And Costing Flashcards
How many days between construction application and due date on a standard building contract and can it be amended.
7 days (can be amended)
How many days between due date and interim cert/ payment notice on both a D&B and Standard JCT… and can it be amended
5 days (can’t amend)
How many days between the due date and the final date for payment on both a standard and D&B JCT
14 days
How many days before the final date for payment can a pay less notice be issued on a D&B and Standard JCT (can it be amended)?
5 days (can be amended)
What’s the definition of Gross internal area (GIA) as per NRM1
The area of a building measured to the internal face of the perimeter walls at each floor level
What’s the definition of Net Internal Area (NIA) as per NRM1
The usable area within a building measured to the internal face of the perimeter walls at each floor level
What areas are excluded from the GIA as per NRM1
Perimeter wall thickness
External open sided balconies
Fire escapes
Canopies
Voids over/ under structural, raked or stepped floors
Greenhouses, garden stores etc in resi property
What’s the definition of gross external area (GEA) as per NRM1
The area of a building measured externally (I.e. to the external face of the perimeter walls) at each floor level
What areas are included in the NIA as per NRM1
Atria (from base level only)
Kitchens (incl cabinets)
Areas occupied by skirting and trunking
Partition walls (unless they’re walls enclosing excluded areas)
The GEA excludes the same areas as the GIA with the exception of what
Perimeter wall thickness and external projections
Where can you find what’s included and excluded from the GIA and NIA
NRM1
IPMS
RICS Code of measuring practice 6th edition
What is NRM1
Order of cost estimating and cost planning for capital building works
What is NRM2
Detailed measurement for building works
What is NRM3
Order of cost estimating and cost planning for building maintenance works
A) NRM1 provides guidance on the quantification of building works in order to prepare what?
B) it also provides guidance on quantifying what?
A)
Order of cost estimates
Cost plans
Approximate estimates.
B)
prelims
OH&P
risk allowance
inflation
A) NRM2 establishes detailed measurement rules for building works in order to prepare what?
B) it also provides guidance on what
A)
Bills of quants
Quantified schedules of works
Schedules of rates
B)
The content structure and format of bills of quantities
A) NRM3 provides guidance on the quantification and description of maintenance works in order to prepare what?
B) it also provides guidance on what?
A)
Initial order of cost estimates
Cost plans
B)
Procurement
Cost control
Under which contracts would you issue a bill of quantities as part of the tender docs
JCT Standard and Intermediate with quants
When would a JCT Standard Building Contract with approximate quants be used
When the design is relatively developed but isn’t complete for a full Bill of Quants
What information is provided as part of the tender information in order to price for a standard building contract without quants
Drawings
Description of works
Spec or Schedule of works
What does BIM stand for
Building Information Modelling
What do the BIM dimensions provide (2D to 6D)
2D - drawings
3D - drawings
4D - time and programme
5D - cost info
6D- facilities management info
What’s the key difference between the traditional and D&B payment cycle
The D&B payment cycle doesn’t start until the contractor submits their application where’s traditional need to be valued in line with the dates even if an application isn’t submitted
What’s the difference between defined and undefined provisional sums
The contractor is expected to incorporate defined prov sums into their:
Programme
Prelims
OH&P
Design risk
How do you value prelims if an EoT has been granted but no loss and expense
Divide the prelims budget within the contract sum by the extended programme duration
What does IPMS stand for
International property measurement standards
What does NRM stand for
New rules of measurement
Whats the document which quantities are to be re measured against in a re-measurable contract
Bill of quants
What are the 4 types of valuation method
Stage payment
Milestone payment
Payment against an activity schedule
Valuation of the works done to date on site
What are the pros and cons of stage payments
High predictability of cashflow but low accuracy of works done to date
Pros and cons of milestone payments
High predictability of an amount due upon each milestone but a low predictability of when they become due
Pros and cons of an activity schedule
Provides reasonable predictability of cashflow but only reasonable accuracy of the value of works done to date
Pros and cons of valuation of works done to date
Lowest predictability for cashflow but most accurate for value of works done to date
Describe stage payments
Pre agreed amounts paid at pre set times regardless of progress
Describe milestone payments
Pre agreed amounts are paid upon completion of pre agreed elements
Describe payments against an activity schedule
At pre agreed timescales progress against an activity schedule is monitored and pre-agreed payments are made for activities which have been completed
Who holds the risk of having quantified the scope of work correctly from the contract docs on a standard building contract WITHOUT quants
The contractor
Who holds the risk that a bill of quants are accurate under a standard building contract WITH quants
The Employer
How are errors in the bill of quants dealt with
They are corrected and treated as variations
When will the bill of approx quants be re-measured
Once the design is complete
Who holds responsibility that the approximate bill of quants is accurate
The employer
In terms of valuing change, whats the benefit of having a bill of quants opposed to a priced document (e.g. a CSA)
There is more info for the QS to use for the valuation of variations
How would I get comfortable with the price of a variation
Benchmark the rate against comparable data
What does RFI stand for
Request for information
What does COR stand for
Change order request
Who submits an RFI or COR and what’s the process
Contractor submits
I review by measuring against drawings and benchmarking
If I agree we tell the client the request is acceptable and ask if they want it instructed
If I disagree I query it with the contractor
Who generally controls contingency (excl contingency built into D&B contract sum)
Client
What contract would you expect contingency to be built into the contract sum
D&B
How do you manage and quantify risk
Prepare a risk register
How does a risk register work
Outline the initial risk and score it based on impact and likeliness
Outline a mitigation method
Re-score based on the mitigation method
Comment if the risk is acceptable or not
Give an example of value engineering
Introduce a lesser spec
What does RCA stand for
Reinstatement cost analysis
What does an RCA do
Provides an assessment of the construction costs of building the scheme from the ground up for insurance purposes
What three elements form the build up of a variation cost
Plant, labour and material
Additional OH&P
Additional Prelims
How would you value a variation if the spec is the same but the quantity is different
Use the rates in the CSA, and re-measure quantity against drawings
How would you value a variation of spec changes but quantity is the same
Use the measurements from the CSA then use rate/ benchmarked rate
What elements have you included in a valuation
Prelims
Measured works
Variations
Materials on/ off site
Loss and expense claims
Retention
Who physically issues the payment notices on your Leeds scheme
My Director
What documents do you received ahead of issuing your payment notice on Leeds
Contractors application
QS valuation (myself)
Compliance statements from the design team
Where would you check for the valuation rules
The Valuing Change black book
The JCT contract clause 5.6-5.10
How would you value a variation if varied work is not of similar character to work in the CSA (I.e different spec and quantity)
Fair rates and prices shall be used and measurement will be taken from the latest drawings
How would you omit element of the contract sum
Omission will be in accordance with the values in the CSA for such work.
If the item of work can’t be clearly identified in the CSA then the employer and contractor need to act fairly in agreeing the value of omission.
What method of valuation is used if work cannot be properly valued by measurement.
Daywork
What schedule of the JCT D&B and Standard Building contract deals with Contractors Quotations for valuing change
Schedule 2
What does schedule 2 of the D&B and standard building contracts contain
Mechanisms that enable the contractor to provide a variation quotation.
What should the Contractors variation quotation include
Value of the adjustment alongside relevant calculations
The length of any EoT required
The amount of any direct loss and expense
A method statement for undertaking the variation.
Is the inclusion of Contractors Quotations for valuations optional?
Yes
Are columns included in the NIA as per IPMS
Yes
How do you deal with valuing prelims in case of delay
Unless it’s a relevant matter, the prelims budget in the CSA is spread across the revised duration.
What would you do if you received a quote from a European supplier
Convert to euros
Notify client of potential import tariffs
Notify client of potential exchange rates
Notify client of potential delivery delays
Give some examples of maintenance work carried out under NRM3
Legionella testing
PAT testing
Why was IPMS introduced
It was introduced as a global standard for consistent measurement
