quality slides Flashcards
What is quality?
quality is inversely proportional to variablity, or represented as the ratio of performance to expectation : Q = P/E
What is quality management?
The act of overseeing all activities and tasks which are required to maintain a desired level of excellence is known as quality management.
What is ISO 900?
the necessary requirements and guidelines for a quality management system
What are the 4 components of ISO 9000? 4 Qs
Quality Planning
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Quality Improvement
what is quality control?
use of techniques to achieve and sustain the quality
what is statistical quality control?
use of statistics to control or improve the quality
what is the process in terms of quality
set of inter-related activities that uses specific inputs to produce specific outputs. Includes both internal and external customers and suppliers.
What are the four steps to quality planning
Understanding the customer
Determining their needs
Identifying/defining product or service features
Devising the process that will meet the customer needs
What are the tools used in maintaining Quality Control?
Statistical process control
Pareto Analysis
Histogram
Flow Diagrams
Fishbone diagram or cause-effect diagram
What are the four R’s to Quality improvement?
Repair
Refinement
Renovation
Reinvention
What are the seven tools used in the field of Quality?
Fishbone diagrams
Benchmarking
Benefit/cost analysis
Design of Experiments
Process flow charts
Tangible Benefits
New PC? specs:
High CPU
High Ram
Long Duration of Battery
Intangible Benefits
ex: going to a doctor?
doctor is a nice person
cost is reasonable
hospital is clean
What are the eight quality dimensions?
Performance
Reliability
Durability
Serviceability
Aesthetics
Features
Perceived Quality
Conformance to Standards
What is variability?
the parameters which affect the quality of a product or process.
What are Quality Characteristics
The several elements that jointly describe what the user or
consumer thinks of as quality
What is specification?
Desired measurements of the
characteristics. The specification of a product
falls between the specification limits
What is USL?
The largest allowable value for a quality characteristic is called the Upper
Specification Limit (USL)
What is LSL?
The smallest allowable value for a quality characteristic is called the Lower
Specification Limit (LSL).
What is CL?
The average value of LSL and USL for a quality characteristic is called the center
line that refers the target value of a product. CL = (USL + LSL)/2
What are Non-Conforming Products?
The products that fail to meet one or more of its
specifications is known as nonconforming products. Nonconforming product is called
defective as it has one or more defects.
What is a defect?
: A defect is a nonconformance to the specification.
What are the 5 M’s and 1E of Fishbone Diagrams?
Man, Machines, Methods,
Measurements, Material and Environment.
What is FMEA?
FMEA can be explained as a group of activities intended to
Recognize and evaluate potential failures.
Identify actions that could eliminate or reduce them.
Document the process.
Benefits of FMEA
Improve the quality, reliability and safety of a product or a process.
Improve company image and competitiveness.
Reduce system development time and cost.
Collect necessary information to reduce future failures, capture engineering
knowledge.
Reduce the potential for warranty concerns.
Reduce the possibility of the same kind of failure in the future.
What are the two types of FMEA?
Design Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
What is ISO 9000 QMS
The international Organization of Standards quality management System
What is the Taguchi Method?
The Taguchi method is a statistical method developed by Taguchi and Konishi.
Initially, it was developed for improving the quality of goods manufactured, later it
was expanded to many other fields.
What is the Taguchi two-step process
- Make the product/process perform in the best manner most of the time (less
deviation from the target). - Make all products perform as identically as possible (less variation between the
products).
