Qualitative research Flashcards
Qualititative research
Focus on Words NOT numbers
Nonexperimental- no IV no DV
No blinding or randomization
Seeks to understand that which cannot be easily measured
- Concerned with quality of experience, meaning, belief etc.
Results via analysis, stories, descriptions, case studies
Exploratory- often used to plan quantitative studies and develop questionnaires
Qual Research Characteristics
Holistic
Emerging and flexible
Concurrent data collection and analysis
Takes into account varying realities/perspectives (perspectival_
Bottom-up approach (inductive)
- Start with data, research is directed
Immersive
Qualitative data is often done without people T or F
F 99% it involves gathering the perspectives of other people
Ethnography
What are they doing
Why are they doing it
What artifacts represent their values beliefs and ways of organizing themselves
Often a blend of fieldwork and written text
Common belief: Every human group evolves a culture that guides the member’s view of the world and the way they structure their experiences
Grounded theory
Identifies conceptual categories in the data and integrates them into the developed theory grounded in the data
Uncovers patterns from participants accounts
Constant comparison
Aims to understand the meaning the people hold that influences their actions and behaviour
Qualitative often precedes quantitative T or F
True
Phenomenology
Data source: in-depth conversations
The researcher is co-participant
Small participation group
Bracketing in phenomenology
Profess of identifying and holding in abeyance (temporary inactivity) preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon
Reflexivity
The process of reflecting critically on the self and of analyzing and recording personal values that could affect data collection and interpretation
Know the differences bw methods for FINAL
Nonprobability sampling
convenience sampling
Purposeful sampling of participants
Snowball sampling
theoretical sampling
Small aprox 6-20
Sample size is deterined by info determined from participants
Proposive sampling
Snowball sampling
The researcher select participants based on referels of previous participants
Theoretical sampling`
You choose who to study based on research
Theoretical hunch of who you should interview
most important non-probability sampling
Propsive and theoretical are the most important
Be aware of different data collection techniques
How are interviews conducted for data collection
Open-ended
structured, semi or non-structured
Audio recorded and transcribed
How fixed are interview questions?
Researchers adapt and shift interview studies as interview progresses
Code
A label - a name that most exactly describes what a portion of text is about
Paper codin
Pages formatted with two columns, one for data, the other for codes
Qualititative needs are presente in
The finding sections of a qualitative article
Categories
Several codes grouped into a category
Who, what, when, or where questions
Themes (major constructs)
1 or more categories are grouped into themes
Are interpretive
Reflexivity
Self Awareness and introspection can enhance the quality of research
KNOW the qualitative appraismenbt tool
Rigour
to represent the study participants experiences and to demonstrate a reflection the researchers subjective, identify, and potential influences
Confirmablily
If results can be confirmed and corroborated with others
Transferability
The results of qualitative research can be summarized or generalized for use in other settings
Credibility
SImilar to validity, truth or beleivability of the finding. Member checks. (qual researcher goes back to participants with themes and findings and getting their opinion on it).
Data saturation
No new data is being found, therefore collection must be completeT
Triangulation
the use of multiple data collectiomn methods to converge on an accurate representation of reality. Not just interview, but supplement them with observation, quantitative measurements etc.
Lived experiences best measured by
Phenemoenological approach
What does grounded theory focus
What qualitative research approach focuses on a cultural apporach
Ethography
