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Clinical Research 1 > Qualitative Research > Flashcards

Qualitative Research Flashcards

1
Q

What is qualitative research

A

-used to gather in depth insights into topics and is concerned with how the social world is understood, experiences and interpretated
-non numerical data deals with words and means

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2
Q

What are common methods for qualitative data

A

Records, diaries, observations, case studies, interviews, focus groups

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3
Q

What are records

A

Uses existing data from reliable documents eg memoirs historical letters and official statistics
Form of secondary data anlysis

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4
Q

Pros of using records

A

-data is already collected
-can include info from past events
-can look at change over time
-provides a large amount of data

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5
Q

Cons of using records

A

-aren’t aware of any bias
-some events aren’t recorded
-can lack depth and detail required for qualatative analysis

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6
Q

What are diaries

A

-participants record entries about every day lives about the activity or experience being studied
-collects data about habits, attitudes, motivation, changes in behaviour over time
-focus can be broad or targeted

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7
Q

What are the 4 phases of diary entries

A

-planning and preperation
-prestudy breif helping understand details and expectations
-logging period
-post study interview

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8
Q

What is in situ logging and snippet

A

In situ logging- record at time
Snippet- later expand

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9
Q

Pros of diary entries

A

-records experiences in a natural environment
-more likely to capture influential external factors
-collect observations over long periods

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10
Q

Cons of diary entries

A

-p’s may not know exactly what is required or what they should record and therefore may be innacurate
-long selection process for participants

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11
Q

What are the 2 tasks before an observation can begin

A

-define the field for observation
-gain access to the field

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12
Q

Pros of observations

A

-allows collection of data in certain ways
-uses experience in a real setting
-can witness human dynamics

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13
Q

Cons of observations

A

-time and resource intensive
-complex data
-can be unfocused
-difficult to record

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14
Q

When should you use participant observation

A

Useful if insiders view is important and to gain tacit knowledge

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15
Q

When should you use direct observation

A

In depth understanding of a group from an indépendant perspective

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16
Q

When should you use indirect observations

A

If direct is not possible

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17
Q

When do you use non participant observations

A

For observations of a well-known reality that researchers want to add knew knowledge

18
Q

What is a case study

A

-reports of observations made on individuals, group or communities
-often involves multiple methods

19
Q

Pros of case studies

A

-baseline info for further studies
-detailed
-can employ a range of methods
-detailed
-can be combined with quantitative measures to give a full picture

20
Q

Cons of case studies

A

-difficult to generalise
-time consuming and expensive
-difficult to replicate
-researchers subjective feelings may cause bias

21
Q

What are interviews

A

-most common form and is similar to survey method
-one to one or group
-face to face, telephone, internet

22
Q

What is a structured interview

A

-researcher is in control of the content
-questions are prepared in advance and participants will receive the exact same questions
-no expansion or clarification is offered

23
Q

What is a semi structured interview

A

-pre planned questions
-can still expand and ask new unplanned questions

24
Q

what is an unstructured interview

A

-participant is in control of the content
-questions are not pre specified
-encouragement to expand on opinons
-specific topics are expanded on

25
Q

Pros of observations

A

-in depth rich data
-privacy means sensitive issues may be more likely to be discussed
-can access info and meaning not in other methods

26
Q

Cons of observations

A

-resource heavy method
-reliance on talking
-relies on skills and judgment of interviewer
-ethical issues

27
Q

What is a focus group

A

-uses group interaction allows discussion of sensitive areas in a safe space
-gain a group view

28
Q

4 key factors of focus groups

A

-the process
-the content
-group composition
-data analysis

29
Q

Pros of focus studies

A

-group processes can help individual explore and clarify their views
-allows those who dont want individual interviews to be involved in the research
-good for hard to reach partipcant groups or taboo subjects
-encourages group participation

30
Q

Cons of focus groups

A

-participants may not be completely honest in front of others
-some individuals may dominate discussions
-can be difficult to maintain confidentiality
-participants will need to travel to the location of the group
-requires skilled facilitators

31
Q

What is active listening

A

-builds trust
-broadens prospective
-strengthens patience
-more approachable
-increases your knowledge

32
Q

What is qualitative analysis

A

Focuses on analysing the content eg words codes themes patterns

33
Q

What is step 1 of qualitative analysis

A

-prepare and organise the data
-transcription of the data
-all elements are transcribed eg pauses too
-gather all info together including notes and demographic info
-can take a long time

34
Q

Step 2 of qualitative analysis

A

-review and explore the data
-read transcripts of data
-keep notes and think about any questions that arise

35
Q

What is step 3 of qualitative analysis

A

Begin your analysis

36
Q

What is content analysis

A

-most common and straightforward
-used to evaluate patterns within the content words phases and images
-codes are added to indicate the presence of interesting meaningful content
-these are summarised into categories and themes
-very time consuming

37
Q

What is narrative analysis

A

Listening to people tell stories and making sense of the world

38
Q

What is thematic organisation

A

Undertstanding major events and the effects they have

39
Q

What is chronological organisation

A

Context from which it is created

40
Q

What is a functional approach

A

How individus make sense of reality

41
Q

What is discourse analysis

A

-concerns the analysis of language in its social context
-emphasises the importance of culture and history
-detailed account of social and historical context when the material was produced and intended to be received as important
-analysed for themes and patterns

42
Q

What is IPA

A

-designed to understand the experiences of a participant in relations to situation
-partipcant centered approach so seeks to maintain the depth of experience
-transcripts have two focus points
-key claims of the participant
-researcher interpretation of the meaning of those claims

Clinical Research 1 (4 decks)

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