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research methods and data analysis > qualitative approach > Flashcards

qualitative approach Flashcards

1
Q

what is qualitative research methods?

A
  • process of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore a social/ human problem
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2
Q

what does the researcher build from qualitative methods?

A
  • complex, holistic picture, analyses words, reports detailed views of informants and conducts the study in a natural setting
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3
Q

what is the qualitative approach?

A
  • research that doesn’t involve numerical data
  • use words, pictures, photos, videos, audio recordings
  • peoples’ own words
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4
Q

what does qualitative approach tend to start with?

A
  • a broad question rather than a specific hypothesis
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5
Q

what does qualitative data develop? what is it known as more?

A
  • develop theory rather than start with one
  • inductive rather than deductive
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6
Q

what are the types of qualitative data?

A
  • interview (structured, semi- structured or unstructured)
  • focus groups
  • questionnaire or surveys
  • diaries, field notes
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7
Q

how would we chose from qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods?

A
  • consider what the research issue that you are addressing is
  • what is the research method?
  • what are you trying to answer and how?
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8
Q

what are the four systems to methods?

A
  • epistemology
  • theoretical perspective
  • methodology
  • method
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9
Q

what is theoretical perspective?

A
  • how you, the researcher, view the world and assumptions that you make about the nature of the world and reality
  • high level of understanding
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10
Q

what are the three questions for theoretical perspective?

A
  • what is out there?
  • what is reality?
  • how can we understand existence?
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11
Q

what is epistemology?

A
  • assumptions that you make about the best way of investigating the world and about reality
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12
Q

what are the three main questions in epistemology?

A
  • how we know what we know?
  • what is valid knowledge?
  • how can we obtain it?
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13
Q

how do we see the world?

A
  • 2 main approaches
  • realist and relativist
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14
Q

what is the world view of realist ontology?

A
  • world is real
  • science proceeds by examining and observed it
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15
Q

how many truths are there in realist oncology? how do we find facts?

A
  • single truth
  • facts exist, and can be revealed through experiments
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16
Q

what is the world view of relativist ontology?

A
  • whole truth is constructed
  • everyone has a different experience
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17
Q

what is created in relativist ontology?

A
  • scientific laws are basically created by people to fit their views of reality
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18
Q

how many truths are there in relativist ontology? what do facts depend on?

A
  • many truths
  • facts depend on the viewpoint of the observer
  • fact is a reflection of you
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19
Q

what are the two main schools of epistemology?

A
  • positivists
  • social constructionists
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20
Q

what are positivists?

A
  • believe that the best way to investigate the world is through objective methods such as observations
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21
Q

what does positivists fit with?

A
  • fits within a realist ontology
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22
Q

what data do realists tend to gather?

A
  • quantitative sources of data
23
Q

what are social constructionists?

A
  • believe that reality does not exist by itself
  • it is constructed and given meaning by people
24
Q

what is social constructionists main focus?

A
  • feelings, beliefs and thoughts, and how people communicate these
25
Q

what does social constructionists fit with?

A
  • fits better with relativist ontology
26
Q

what data do relativists tend to gather?

A
  • gather qualitative sources of data
27
Q

what is methodology?

A
  • strategies of enquire
  • involves the strategy, plan of action, the way that you group together your research techniques to make a coherent picture
28
Q

what influences methodology?

A
  • ontology
  • epistemology
29
Q

what are methods?

A
  • what you actually do
  • techniques and procedures you use to gather and analyse data/ evidence related to a specific research question or hypothesis
30
Q

what are the different methodologies on? and why?

A
  • on a continuum
  • because there is no good or bad methodology
31
Q

what do quantitative approaches collect and tell you?

A
  • collect and analyse numerical data
  • tells you if there is a difference but doesn’t necessarily explain why
32
Q

when are quantitative approaches used? what does it explain?

A
  • used when researches lend themselves to quantitative
  • explains phenomena by numerical data analysed using statistical methods
33
Q

what is controlled in quantitative approaches? what is used?

A
  • variables are controlled as much as possible (randomised controlled trials are the gold standards) to eliminate interference and measure the effect of any change
  • randomisation to reduce subjective bias
34
Q

how do you know if the qualitative approach is appropriate for your study?

A

do you want to :
- understand a new/ not so well understood area
- understand complex situations, and changing and shifting phenomena?
- understand phenomena deeply and in detail?
- understand how people experience certain phenomena, how they define certain concepts, what is their intepretation ?

35
Q

what is the focus of qualitative data collection?

A
  • focus on collection of rich data to explore how and why things happened
36
Q

what approach requires a larger sample size?

A
  • quantitative research needs a larger sample size compared to qualitative
37
Q

what should you be careful of in qualitative data collection?

A
  • do respondents give accurate information or do they say what they believe that researcher wants to hear
  • can the researcher be objective/ what are ways to ensure data is trustworthy
38
Q

what shows the approach required?

A
  • research question
39
Q

what can qualitative and quantitative be?

A
  • complementary or incompatible
  • can combine methods and try to minimise limitations
40
Q

what do we need to be aware of ?

A
  • strengths and limitations of both approaches
41
Q

what is the purpose of quantitative data?

A
  • explain social life
42
Q

what is the purpose of qualitative data?

A
  • understand social life
43
Q

what is the relationship between researcher- subject in quantitative data?

A
  • distant
44
Q

what is the relationship between researcher- subject in qualitative data?

A
  • close
45
Q

what is the theory- research in quantitative data?

A
  • confirmation
46
Q

what is the theory- research in qualitative data?

A
  • emergent
47
Q

what is the research strategy in quantitative data?

A
  • structured
48
Q

what is the research strategy in qualitative data?

A
  • unstructured
49
Q

what are the findings described as in quantitative data ?

A
  • nomothetic
50
Q

what are the findings described as in qualitative data?

A
  • ideographic
51
Q

what is the social reality of quantitative data?

A
  • objective
  • simple
  • single
  • seeking one truth
52
Q

what is the social reality of qualitative data?

A
  • subjective
  • holistic
  • multiple realities
53
Q

what is the nature of data in the quantitative approach?

A
  • hard
  • reliable
54
Q

what is the nature of data in the qualitative approach?

A
  • rich
  • deep

research methods and data analysis (12 decks)

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