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O level Chemistry > Qualitative Analysis > Flashcards

Qualitative Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the observations and the precipitate when NaOH and aqueous ammonia is added to a solution containing Ca²⁺ ions?

A

White ppt of Ca(OH)₂ with NaOH, insoluble in excess

No ppt with aqueous ammonia

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2
Q

What are the observations and the precipitate when NaOH and aqueous ammonia is added to a solution containing Zn²⁺ ions?

A

White ppt of Zn(OH)₂ soluble in excess NaOH and aqueous ammonia

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3
Q

What are the observations and the precipitate when NaOH and aqueous ammonia is added to a solution containing Pb²⁺ ions?

A

White ppt of Pb(OH)₂ insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia, soluble in excess NaOH to give colourless solution

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4
Q

(pure)

What are the observations and the precipitate when NaOH and aqueous ammonia is added to a solution containing Al³⁺ ions?

A

white ppt of Al(OH)₃ insoluble in aqueous ammonia, soluble in excess NaOH to give a colourless solution

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5
Q

What are the observations and the precipitate when NaOH and aqueous ammonia is added to a solution containing Cu²⁺ ions?

A

light blue ppt of Cu(OH)₂ formed in both cases, insoluble in excess NaOH, soluble in excess aqueous ammonia to give a deep blue solution

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6
Q

What are the observations and the precipitate when NaOH and aqueous ammonia is added separately to a solution containing Fe²⁺ ions and another containing Fe³⁺ ions?

A

Fe²⁺: Green ppt of Fe(OH)₂ , insoluble in excess NaOH and aqueous ammonia

Fe³⁺: Reddish Brown ppt of Fe(OH)₃ , insoluble in excess NaOH and aqueous ammonia

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7
Q

What are the observations when NaOH is added to a solution containing NH₄⁺ ions and warmed?

A

Colourless gas that turns damp red litmus paper blue (ammonia) is evolved

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8
Q

What is the test and observations for Hydrogen Gas?

A

Use a lighted splint, extinguishes with a pop sound

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9
Q

What is the test and observations for Oxygen Gas?

A

Use a glowing splint, relights

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10
Q

What is the test and observations for Carbon Dioxide Gas?

A

Bubble through Calcium Hydroxide solution (Limewater), a white precipitate (Calcium Carbonate) is formed

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11
Q

What is the test and observations for Chlorine Gas?

A

Use a piece of damp blue litmus paper. It turns red (HCl) before bleaching.

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12
Q

What is the test and observations for Sulfur Dioxide?

A

Use a filter paper dipped in acidified Potassium manganate (VII), turns from purple to colourless

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13
Q

What is the test and observations for Ammonia gas?

A

Use a piece of damp red litmus paper. It turns Blue.

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14
Q

(pure)

What are the tests and observations for Water Vapour?

A 
Anhydrous Copper(II) Sulfate turns from white to blue.
Or: Dry Cobalt (II) Chloride paper turns from blue to pink
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15
Q

What is the test and observations for the Nitrate Ion?

A

Add aqueous NaOH and a piece of Al foil, heat. Gas evolved turns red litmus blue (Ammonia).

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16
Q

What is the test and observations for the Carbonate Ion?

A

Add any dilute acid. Effervescence of Colourless Gas is observed. Gas forms a white ppt (Calcium Carbonate) with Calcium Hydroxide solution (Limewater)

17
Q

What is the test and observations for the Chloride Ion?

A

Add dilute nitric acid, and then aqueous silver nitrate. White ppt of Silver Chloride is formed.

18
Q

(pure)

What is the test and observations for the Iodide Ion?

A

Add dilute nitric acid, and then aqueous lead nitrate. A yellow ppt of Lead Iodide is formed

19
Q

What is the test and observations for the Sulfate Ion?

A

Add dilute nitric acid, and then aqueous Barium nitrate. A white ppt of Barium Sulfate is formed.

20
Q

(pure)
How does one distinguish between a solution containing Al³⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions since they both give the same observations with NaOH and aqueous ammonia?

A

Add aqueous potassium iodide KI. A yellow ppt of PbI₂ is formed with lead but no ppt is formed with Al³⁺

O level Chemistry (13 decks)

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