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O level Chemistry > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure and bonding in metals

A

Metals consist of a lattice of positive ions held together in a sea of delocalised, mobile electrons by strong metallic bonds

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2
Q

Give 5 Physical Properties of Metals

A
  1. High melting and boiling points
  2. High density
  3. Malleable and Ductile
  4. Good conductor of heat and electricity
  5. Soft
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3
Q

Metals have _______ melting and boiling points because ______ (Explain fully)

A

high;

  1. metals consist of a lattice of positive ions held together in a sea of delocalised, mobile electrons by
  2. strong metallic bonds which
  3. require large amounts of energy to overcome. 4.Therefore they generally have high melting and boiling points
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4
Q

Metals have generally _____ densities because _______

A

high; the atoms are closely packed with little space between them, leading to a considerably large mass per unit volume.

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5
Q

Metals are _______ (ablility to be reshaped) and _____ (ability to be strwen into wires) because _______

A

Malleable; Ductile; the lattice of positive ions have a orderly arrangement which allows layers of ions to slide over one another without breaking when a force is applied

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6
Q

Metals are _______ conductors of heat and electricity because ________

A

good; of the presence of delocalised mobile electrons that aid in transferring thermal energy and act as charge carriers.

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7
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Mixture of atoms of one metal with atoms of other elements.

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8
Q

Why are Alloys harder than the pure metals themselves?

A
  1. Alloys consist of atoms of other elements which are a 2.different size compared to the metal atoms,
  2. disrupting the orderly arrangement of the positive lattice.
  3. Thus, when a force is applied the layers of atoms are unable to slide over one another, causing it to be hard.
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9
Q

Give the constituents of Brass, and its uses

A

Copper and Zinc,

Decorative ornaments, Musical instruments

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10
Q

Give the constituents of Stainless Steel, and its uses

A

Iron Chromium Nickel Carbon

Cutlery, Medical instruments, Pipes in chemical industries

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11
Q

Give the constituents of solder, and its uses

A

Lead Tin

Joining metals

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12
Q

Give the constituents of Pewter, and its uses

A

Decorative ornaments

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13
Q

Give the order of metals in the reactivity series

A 
K
Na
Ca
Mg
Al
C
Zn
Fe
Sn
Pb
H
Cu
Ag
Au
Pt
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14
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Potassium + Water

A

1.Reacts very violently with
2.Effervescence of colourless gas
(Potassium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Gas are produced)
3.Hydrogen Gas might catch fire and burn with lilac flame

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15
Q

Give the observations of the folllowing:

Sodium + Water

A

1.Reacts violently with
2.Effervescence of colourless gas
(Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Gas are produced)
3.Hydrogen Gas might catch fire and burn with yellow flame

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16
Q

Give the observations of the folllowing:

Calcium + Water

A

1.Reacts readily with
2.Effervescence of colourless gas
(Calcium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Gas are produced)

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17
Q

Give the observations of the folllowing:

Magnesium + Water

A

1.Reacts very slowly with cold water
2.Slow bubbling of colourless gas
(Magnesium Oxide and Hydrogen Gas are produced)

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18
Q

Give the observations of the folllowing:

Zinc/Iron/Lead/Copper/Silver + Water

A

No reaction

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19
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Potassium/Sodium + Acid

A

Reacts Explosively. Reaction should not be carried out in the lab. (products are Potassium salt and Hydrogen gas)

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20
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Calcium + Acid

A

1.Reacts very rapidly
2.Effervescence of colourless gas
(Calcium salt and Hydrogen gas are produced)

21
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Magnesium + Acid

A

1.Reacts rapidly
2.Effervescence of colourless gas
(Magnesium salt and Hydrogen gas are produced)

22
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Zinc + Acid

A

1.Reacts moderately fast
2.Effervescence of colourless gas
(Zinc Salt and Hydrogen gas are produced)

23
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Iron + Acid

A

1.Reacts slowly
2.Effervescence of colourless gas
(Iron Salt and Hydrogen gas are produced)

24
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Lead/Copper/Silver + Acid

A

No reaction

25
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Magnesium + Steam

A
  1. Reacts violently
  2. with a white glow
  3. forming a white powder

(Magnesium Oxide and Hydrogen are formed)

26
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Zinc + Steam

A
  1. Reacts readily
  2. forming a yellow powder when hot, white when cold

(Zinc Oxide and Hydrogen are formed)

27
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Iron + Steam

A
  1. Reacts slowly with red hot iron (must be heated for reaction to proceed)

(Forms Iron (II, III) Oxide Fe₃O₄ and Hydrogen Gas)

28
Q

Give the observations (and products) of the folllowing:

Lead/Copper/Silver + Steam

A

No reaction occurs

29
Q

(Pure)
Oxides of metals below carbon in the reactivity series can be _______ by carbon. The products produced are _______ and _______

A

Reduced; Metal and carbon dioxide

30
Q

(pure)
Oxides of metals below Hydrogen in the reactivity series together with _____ and ______ can be _______ by hydrogen. The products produced are _______ and _______

A

FeO, PbO; reduced; metal and water

31
Q

(Pure)

Silver oxide _______ upon hearing to form _______ and _____

A

Decomposes; silver metal and water

32
Q

(pure)
A _____ reactive metal can ______ a _____ reactive metal from it’s _________.

This is known as a ________ and _______ reaction

A

More; Displace ; Less; Salt Solution

33
Q

(pure)

How does one extract metals above Carbon in the reactivity series?

A

Electrolysis of molten salt

34
Q

(pure)

How does one extract metals below Carbon in the reactivity series?

A

Reduction using either carbon or hydrogen depending on the position of the metal

35
Q

Give three advantages of recycling metals

A
  1. conserves the limited resources of metal ores: finite and will run out
  2. Save costs of extracting metals from ores
  3. Reduce environmental issues: recycling produces less waste, air and land pollution
36
Q

Give three disadvantages of recycling metals

A
  1. For cheap metals, recycling might be more expensive than extraction
  2. Recycling of some metals can cause air pollution: smelting used to extract Pb from old car batteries can release toxic fumes
  3. Resistance to adopting recycling as a lifestyle
37
Q

What are the three materials added to the blast furnace in the extraction of iron

A

Haematite (Fe₂O₃)
Coke (C)
Limestone (CaCO₃)

38
Q

Give the 5 equations involved in the extraction of iron with state symbols

A
  1. C(s) + O₂(g) –> CO₂ (g)
  2. CO₂(g) + C(s) –> 2CO(g)
  3. Fe₂O₃ (s) + 3CO(g) –> 2Fe(l) + 3CO₂(g)
  4. CaCO₃ (s) –> CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
  5. CaO(s) + SiO₂(s) –> CaSiO₃ (l)
39
Q

(pure)
Steel is an ______ of ______.
What are the three types, properties and uses of steel?

A

Alloy; Iron

  1. High carbon steel, strong but brittle, to make tools like knives, hammers etc
  2. Low carbon steel, softer and more easily shaped, to make car bodies and machinery
  3. Stainless steel, does not rust, used to make cutlery and surgical instruments.
40
Q

(pure) Cast iron contains ________ which makes it _____

A

Impurities; brittle

41
Q

(pure)

How are impurities removed from cast iron?

A
  1. Melted and poured into a large container
  2. Pure oxygen at high pressure is blown into the molten iron to oxidize all impurities
  3. Carbon and sulfure are oxidised to carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide that escape as gases
  4. Silicon and Phosphorous form oxides
  5. Calcium carbonate is added, which decomposes to form Calcium Oxide, reacting with the silicon dioxide and Phosphorous oxide to form slag
  6. The pure iron is left behind
42
Q

(pure)

How is steel made from pure Iron?

A

It is mixed with carbon in varying amounts depending on the type of steel desired.
Other metals like chromium and nickel can also be added to give the special properties of steel.

43
Q

What is Rusting, and the conditions needed for it to occur?

A

The slow oxidation of iron to form hydrated iron (III) oxide. Oxygen and water are necessary

44
Q

What are the 3 methods of preventing rust?

A
  1. Using a coating that acts as a barrier around the metal
  2. Using a more reactive metal (sacrificial protection)
  3. Using alloys
45
Q

How does coating iron prevent corrosion? What is the disadvantage of this method?

A

The coating acts as a barrier against the oxygen in air, preventing the metal from coming into contact with it and rusting.

The disadvantage is that if the coating is damaged or scratched, the iron underneath is exposed and will rust.

46
Q

Rusting in ships is prevented by fixing ______ to the shops hull.

Whereas blocks of ________ are attached to underground iron pipes to prevent rusting.

A

Bars of zinc;

Magnesium

47
Q

What is galvanising?

A

The coating of iron or steel with zinc to prevent rusting.

48
Q

What is the advantage of galvanising iron?

A

Zinc is more reactive than iron, so even if the layer is damaged, the iron will not rust.

O level Chemistry (13 decks)

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