Intro To Organic Chem

Question 1

What is an Organic Compound?

Answer 1

Compounds that contain carbon (often with hydrogen)

Question 2

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

Organic Compound that contains Hydrogen and Carbon

Question 3

What is a homologous series?

Answer 3

Family of organic compounds with:

1. Similar chemical properties
2. Same functional group
3. Same general formula

Question 4

What are the prefixes (1-10) that indicate the number of carbon atoms in an organic compound?

Answer 4

1 Me-
2 E-
3 Pro-
4 Bu-
5 Pent-
6 Hex-
7 Hep-
8 Oct-
9 Non-
10 Dec-

Question 5

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 5

CₙH₂ₙ+₂

Question 6

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 6

CₙH₂ₙ

Question 7

What is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 7

CₙH₂ₙ+₁OH

Question 8

What is the general formula for Carboxylic Acids?

Answer 8

CₙH₂ₙ+₁COOH

Question 9

Crude oil is obtained from the _______ and separated using _________

Answer 9

Earth’s Crust, fractional distillation

Question 10

Name and describe the method of separating crude oil.

Answer 10

Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into it’s components.

1. The crude oil is heated in a furnace to vapourise the constituent hydrocarbons
2. The vapour mixture then rises up the fractionating column and condenses at separate locations along the column depending on the bp.
3. Shorter chain hydrocarbons have lower bp and density, and so rise up further and are collected towards the top of the column where temp is lower
4. Longer chain hydrocarbons have higher bp and density and so are collected towards the bottom of the column where temp is higher

Question 11

Give the range for number of Carbon atoms, boiling point, and uses for petroleum gas

Answer 11

C₁-C₄
bp <40
used for cooking and heating

Question 12

Give the range for number of Carbon atoms, boiling point, and uses for petrol

Answer 12

C₅-C₁₀
bp: 40-75
used as fuel for vehicles

Question 13

Give the range for number of Carbon atoms, boiling point, and uses for naphtha

Answer 13

C₇-C₁₄
bp 90-150
used as feedstock for making petrochemicals such as plastic and detergents

Question 14

Give the range for number of Carbon atoms, boiling point, and uses for kerosene

Answer 14

C₉-C₁₆
bp 150-240
fuel for aircraft engine, cooking and heating

Question 15

Give the range for number of Carbon atoms, boiling point, and uses for diesel

Answer 15

C₁₅-C₂₅
bp 220-250
fuel for diesel engines in buses lorries trains

Question 16

Give the range for number of Carbon atoms, boiling point, and uses for lubricating oil

Answer 16

C₂₀-C₃₅
bp 300-350
for lubricating machines, making waxes and polishes

Question 17

Give the range for number of Carbon atoms, boiling point, and uses for bitumen

Answer 17

> C₇₀
bp>350
for making road surfaces and roofing

Question 18

Describe three trends as the number of Carbon atoms in the crude oil fractions increases

Answer 18

1. Volatility decreases with increasing C
2. Flammability decreases with increasing C
3. Viscosity increases with increasing C

Question 19

What is an isomer?

Answer 19

Isomers are compounds with the same Molecular Formula but different Structural Formula

Question 20

Each member of a homologous series differs by the next by a unit of ________

Answer 20

CH₂