Qing China Flashcards
______ gives china a prosperous period.
Qing China
In Qing China, power is concentrated _____ at the emperor.
up top
The last qing dynasty also called ______ ruled from 1644-1868.
Manchu
The Qing Dynasty was in collarboration and cooperation with ______.
Han Chinese
During the dynasty, the population _________ from ________.
the population doubled from 200 million to 400 million
Shen Fu wanted to become a _______, but he didn’t pass the exam
civil servant
Why was is so difficult for Shen Fu to pass the test?
because the population was so high, and so they didn’t need many people anymore. There were very few slots that many people were going for.
China was about ______% rural and agricultural.
90%
China was self regulated by the _____ outwards and confusion ideas.
family unit
Economic and manufacturing kept pace with the population until _______.
the late 18th century
China sees ______ by the 19th century, when it becomes hard to face the rising powers in the west, which becomes a huge concern.
economic downfall
Who were the 2 great Qing emperors during the good period?
Kangxi
Qianlong
Both Kangxi and Qianlong were ____, but completely adopted Chinese culture.
Manchu
______ was a scholar and a painter. He encouraged art. There were Jesuits at his court so he studied latin and corresponded with Europeans, even the pope.
Kangxi
Kangxi thought the _____ was ridiculous.
pope
Because of his love for learning, he commissioned a(n)___________.
encyclopedia of all learning (500 volumes long)
Kangxi started the ________, and even poor children could get an education.
academy for boys
What was Kangxi’s great military victory?
against the Russians
The __________ was the first treaty between Russia and China. The Russians gave up the area north of the Amur River
Treaty of Nerchinsk
The Chinese payed less attention to the western empires. They thought of them as _________.
sea barbarians.
______ was Kangxi’s grandson and successor.
Qianlong
_______ had a 60 year reign
Qianlong
Qianlong was very fancy, like _____.
Louis 14th
Qianlong added jade carvings to the _______.
imperial palace
What was a notable military exploit of Qianlong?
he was a good military leader who pushed the Monguls behind the great wall.
What happens when Qianlong gets old?
in old age he slips, lets others do the ruling. Because of this they start to see a slide of empire.
both ______ and _______ were patron of the arts.
Kangxi and Qianlong
What causes the Qing stagnation and decline in the 18th century?
massive growth of population vs the beurocracy that doesn’t grow fast enough, which effects government efficiency and peoples moral.
How does the decline of the Qing dynasty effect the people?
The people become useless. They are not fitted for any career path when they train their whole life for one and then don’t get it due to the population growth.
What caused many bureacratic disappointments?
the problems with the civil service exam system. (shen Fu’s experience)
The Chinese were outpaced by the west in _______.
western technology
was the first British diplomatic mission to China, which took place in 1793. Great Britain’s first envoy to China. The goals of the mission included the opening of new ports for British trade in China, the establishment of a permanent embassy in Beijing, the cession of a small island for British use along China’s coast, and the relaxation of trade restrictions on British merchants
Macartney Mission
Who led the Macartney Mission?
George Macartney
Who was the emperor who met with the people of the Macartney Mission?
Qianlong
What was Qianlong’s response to requests of the people of the Macartney mission?
he turned all requests down
Why was the Mcartney Mission important to history, even though it failed?
Although the mission failed to achieve its official objectives, it was later noted for the extensive cultural, political, and geographical observations its participants recorded in China and brought back to Europe.
the Qianlong Emperor confined all foreign maritime trade to ________. Qianlong, who ruled the Qing dynasty at its zenith, was wary of the transformations of Chinese society that might result from unrestricted foreign access. Chinese subjects were not permitted to teach the Chinese language to foreigners, and European traders were forbidden to bring women into China.
Guangzhou
the Qianlong Emperor confined all foreign maritime trade to Guangzhou. Qianlong, who ruled the Qing dynasty at its zenith, was wary of the transformations of Chinese society that might result from unrestricted foreign access. Chinese subjects were not permitted to teach the Chinese language to foreigners, and European traders were forbidden to bring women into China.
__________ was the royal advisor for the emperor, and had the real political power in Japan.
Ashikaga Shogunate
The ashikaga shogunate was always plagued by ____. Because of this, they were always fighting off other families fighting for position.
factionalism
The qing empire was constantly sending letters to the Ashikaga shogunate to get control of their people, especially to stop the ______ that was happening on the japanese/chinese coast.
piracy
Unlike China, Japan was very interested in _______ and ______.
the west and religion.
Because of the Japanese interest in the West and Christianity, they wanted contact and in turn learned about ______ and _____.
technology and industry
The Japanese were welcoming to the _______ missionaries in the 16th century. What was the result of this?
Jesuit, there was a large surge of Christian conversion in the 16th century and early 17th century.
Who were the two shogunates discussed in class for Japan?
Ashikaga and Tokugawa
_______ was the royal family of Ashikaga.
Tokugawa
The _______ Shogunate was very weak and divided, with many peasant revolts, piracy and fighting among the diamyo (powerful feudal lords)
Ashikaga
How did the Tokugawa family come into power?
they overthrew the Ashikaga family
The ________ was civilized and controlled. During their rule, Japan had peace and stability, and little rival fighting.
Tokugawa Shogunate
The _____ turns japan into a police state.
Tokugawa Shogunate
Name 3 things that Tokugawa Ieyasu did that made them a police state?
- They had spies everywhere
- They encouraged people to report on their neighbors if they did something suspicious
- They took all of the swords away from the people (unless they were samuri). Called the sword hunt
Who was the head of the Tokugawa Shogunate?
Tokugawa Ieyasu
When the Tokugawa Shogunate tried to overthrow the Ashikaga Shogunate, there were many _____ and fights among daimyo warlords, which led to the unification of Japan under a strong centralized government.
civil wars
Why did Tokugawa Ieyasu take away the swords from everyone?
he didnt want people to be able to challenge their king
Why did Tokugawa Ieyasu not take the swords away from the Samuri?
Because they are very loyal to their government and he does not see them as a threat.
What does the Tokugawa Shogunate have to do to ensure their economy and society is successful?
make sure other families dont challenge them to the throne.
They find ways to make people depend on them
What ways do the Tokugawa Shogunate make people depend on them?
- they require that the Diamyo and nobles have a home in the capital and also maintain homes in the countryside.
- they require that they must spend parts of the year at each location.
- requires that the wives and sons of those people remain at all times in the capital. (do something bad.. something bad will happen to your family. ensures loyalty)
The _____ are supposed to be the chief of staff to the emperor, but instead they are even more powerful than the emperor. The emperor is more of a figurehead.
shogunates
Tokugawa Ieyasu dies in _____.
1616
What were the social levels in japan starting at the highest?
Shogunate Diamyo Samuri Peasants and artisans Merchants
Peasants were seen as _____.
honorable
Merchants were seen as _____. Why?
leeches, because they lived off of the labor of other people.
What were some legal restrictions required of merchants?
- they had to wear certain types of clothes
- they had to grovel before the samuri
though we see economic growth under Tokugawa, a lot of that growth is limited. Why
Because of the restrictions on the merchants, people dont want to be merchants and prevents the expansion of the merchant class and growth of the market economy.
Who was concerned that the western people would take over or pressure them economically?
Tokugawa
The Tokugawa saw the western influence as a ______.
threat
What did the Tokugawa do about foreign missionaries?
they banned them.
What did the Tokugawa do to Japanese Christians?
They were forced to recant and go back to Buddhism or they would be crucified.
What was Tokugawa’s policy about foreign trade?
- By 1638 Japan became completely closed to foreign trade.
- It was illegal to build ocean going ships
- They were not allowed to go abroad and no one was allowed to leave.
- They allowed one Dutch ship a year to come.
Why did they let one Dutch ship a year to come to Japan?
So they would get information from the outside world.
In 1640, and couple of envoys from _____ come to Nagasaki and ask them to reopen trade munitions. What was the result?
Portugal
They are executed
How did the people of Japan treat the sailors from the Dutch ship that was allowed to come to Nagasaki Harbor once a year.
They were very closely watched. They had to stay in certain areas.
What pressures do the Japanese face in the 19th century?
- Foreign pressures to trade
- Pressure from guns from which Japan is defensless
The ________ in 1868 was when the emperor of Japan sees an opportunity through the threats as the west is coming in to regain his power. He wants to restore his leadership, make Japan a world power, and industrialize his country.
The Meiji Restoration/Revolution
The Meiji Restoration was led by the emperor ________.
Meiji Tennō,
