Global Wars Flashcards
Many historians see the ____ as a closing of an era that began with the French Revolution and ended with this war.
Great war
WWI began in _____.
1914
Like the revolutions such as the french revolution, the great war had enormous __________.
world changing ramifications
The great war begins the process of ending the _______ empires.
European
The Great war was very much a _____ war.
global
The great war begins the breakdown of _________ modernity.
liberal
What is liberal modernity?
a worldview or way of doing government. looking at history as progress.
Darwin, Freud, Einstein challenged the idea of _______, which had been popular since the enlightenment.
liberal modernity
WWI proves liberal modernity as ______ because of the way they turn guns on each other and killing each others in numbers that have never been seen before.
true
WWI erases alot of ______
illusions
What are 4 illusions erased by WW1?
1) Nationalism
2) empire
3) western/liberal democratic government
4) science and history as human progress
The idea that the highest good is your nation. Being German, Italian, American, ect, is the most important thing. It was very common during this time but not after.
nationalism
How did WWI erase the illusion of Empire?
The idea that these countries should control other areas doesnt hold up bc during these wars, they are not civilized, and are not looked at as being able to run all these empires. Europeans are turning their weapons on each other.
How did WWI erase the illusion of Western liberal/ demographic government
the notion that a gov in which a people have a voice (democracy) is not going to fight war or have conflict.. not true. the rest of the world is not interested in democracy
Woodrow wilson called the great war _______
a war to make the world safe
The treaty that blames Germany for WWI.
Treaty of Versailles
Though Germany was not the only reason for WWI, the ___________ of Germany is definitely one reason.
existance
Germany doesnt exist as an independant country until _____.
1871
What are the causes of the Great war?
ϒ Rise of German power
ϒ Ramifications of Franco-Prussian War
ϒ Imperialism and International Darwinism
(People are thinking that if they don’t catch up with other countries, they will be destroyed.)
ϒ British tradition of “splendid isolation” (want to be separated from others. not involved. They will be very iffy about who they support. some believe they will support them and they dont)
Germany wants to prove themselves by ______
grabbing colonies
Germany was created by a very conservative, aristocratic, prussian who wants to preserve ______. This makes Germany a very backwards political system dominated by the elites.
aristocratic privelege
What war created Germany?
Franco-prussian war
Lots of Europens have lots of alliances in the 20 years leading up to the war. What does this mean?
if any one power is attacked, basically everyone has to go to war.
Alliances broadened after ________
Russo-Japanese war
France courted _______ for an alliance.
Brittian
Why did the relationship between the brits and germans deteriorate?
brits didnt like that they were building a navy and getting ambitious about imperialism.
At first, it looked as if the great war was going to start in the ______.
Balkans
The belief that if you dont attack first, you will most likely loose, being on the defensive means probably loosing. Leaders have very little time to decide. They didnt have the time to think about negotiations or about what was going to happen. they were very trigger happy.
cult of the offensive
What was the spark that finally got Britain involved in the great war? (between serbia and austria, but bc of alliances, everyone got involved very quickly.
the assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand by the serbians
True or false
Europe goes happily to war
TRUE
“lets do it and get it over with.. prove we are the better country” ppl are having parades, happy to send off their ppl to war. want to prove themselves against other powers.
_______ was a poem that captures the happy attitude of europe going to war.
“whos for the fame?” by Jessie pope
Who led Germany in the great war?
Keiser Wilhelm II
What were the 3 goals of Germany?
♣ Execute Schlieffen plan
♣ Starve Britain into submission
♣ Defeat France quickly, then turn to Russia
Who led Austria-Hungary?
Franz-Joseph
What were the goals of Austria-Hungary?
♣ Support Germany against Russia
♣ Punish Serbia and take control of Balkans
Who led Ottomon Turkey?
Sultan Mohammad V
The ________ ends after the great war.
Ottomon Empire
What was the goal of Ottomon turkey?
goal is to keep russia at bay and control Dardanelles
Who were the 3 Central powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomon Turkey
Who were the 4 allied powers?
France
Britain
Italy
Unites States
Who led France in WWI?
Georges Clemenceau
What were the goals of France?
♣ Execute Plan XVII (17) to regain Alsace-Lorraine (regain territory that Germans took from France in 1870) The do get it back, but germany ends up getting it again during WW2.
Who led Britain in WWI?
David lloyd George
Britain had to follow public opinion, which was _________ of war.
in favor
What were the goals of Britain
♣ Blockade German ports with their Navy
♣ Shore up French with BEF by using BEF British expeditionary force. there to help the French
Who let Italy in WWI?
Vittorio Orlando
______ was hoping to seize chunks of Southern Austriia to add to italy
Italy
Who led the United States inWWI?
Woodrow Wilson
_________ doesn’t come into the war until well into the war towards the war
The U.S.
________ says he s fighting to make the world safe for democracy. He started out as a history professor. carried these ideas into white house. Not a great pragmatist or politition, but believed what he was doing was right and that he will make the world a better place. doesnt work, and he doesnt achieve what he wants.
Woodrow wilson
♣ August 14-24, 1914
germans and french - result is that germans crush french and brits. they retreat to paris. french start ablibing.
Battle of the Frontiers
♣ August 17-September 2, 1914
most decisive battle on eastern front. shows russias backwardness. germany vs russia. russians do not encode. their communications.
Battle of Tannenburg
major turning point. massive assault by german army. french and British respond by building trenches. French warfare starts
First Battle of the Marne
July 1- November 18, 1916
Very large battle that demonstrated the consequences of the new techn when they turn it on each other. one of the large battles of war on western front. Ended in draw bc they understand for the first time how devestating these weapans can be. (first time people tried charging towards machine guns. Suffered unthinkable numbers.)
Battle of the Somme -
only battle the americans which the americans play a sig part. they size a railroad that cuts of supply route of Germany, which makes them retreat and abandon their
♣ September 26- November 11, 1918
Meuse-Argonne Offensive
What are some outcomes of WWI?
ϒ New technologies developed (fighter planes, trench warfare)
ϒ Social changes implemented (total war, women push for voting)
ϒ Emergence of “dagger push legend” in Germany (idea that there were people who were disloyal that support a group that caused the loss of Germany in the war, they blamed the jews, ppl who were pro russian or pro american. wanted to blame someone)
ϒ Political change (4 empires destroyed by this war, New countries, Treaty of Versailles and its ramifications)
______ is when everyone plays a part in a war. whether it be fighting or building munitions.
total war
Gassed, a giant art-piece that showed chemical warfare was written by ________.
John Singer Sargent
in 1918, the ______ forged amidst widespread political chaos.
Peace of Paris
Major decisions were made by The Big Four, They were:
US, Britain, France, and Italy
What 4 empires are destroyed during the great war?
1) germany,
2) austrian-hungarian (becomes two seperate autria and hungary),
3) ottomon ( becomes turkey) 4) russian.
What countries were developes
ukoslavia, czechoslovakia, poland
The ______ required that Germany repay massive amounts of money.
Treaty of Versailles
______ comes to europe to dominate the proceedings of the Peace of Paris. He was gone for several months.
Peace of Paris
Italy is a revisionist state because ___________.
They didnt get the land they wanted
1917 the _______ were a major destabilizing factor: people fear socialist expansion and turn instead to the right
Russian Revolutions
What two dictators rise after the great war?
Benito mussolini and Adolf Hitler
______ was the inventor of fascism in Italy in the 1920s
Benito mussolini
The modernized ______ saw militarism and territorial aggress
Japan
_________: responsible for the totalitarian modernization of the soviet union
Joseph Stalin
What were the aspects of the international Crisis of the 1930s?
-Instability introduced by Russian -communism and arms
Economic crisis
♣ Tariff barriers and economic nationalism
- Japan, Italy, Germany all want change
♣ Japan’s treatment during the economic crisis
-Japanese militarists call for new imperialism in Asia WWII begins…in 1931?
-Role of the League of Nations
♣ International Crisis of 1930s
-Italian aggression in North Africa
♣ 1935 invasion of Ethiopia
♣ Haile Selassie appeals to League for aid
-Spanish Civil War, 1936-39
-German economic crisis and postwar resentment
♣ Hitler’s vision most shapes crisis of late 1930s
♣ Hitler-led Germany inherently a threat to existing international order
Anschluss absorbs ______ into Germany
♣ Key moment for the Mussolini-Hitler alliance
austria
Why do people not do anything about what hitler was doing?
They didn’t want to get into another war after WWI. Leaders of nations were trying to avoid war at all cost. would give him bits of land to make him happy and prevent war. Czech didn’t not give land, but ends up doing bc of pressure from other countries. Germans were heavily punished for supposed guilt for WWI. Had to pay a ton of money to England. Hitler was saying this is how we can be great
The collapse of stock market after WWI was called the _____.
Black Tuesday
Still influences the relations of Japan and China today. Japan invades the city and terrorizes and kill, rapes the civilians. They use people for bayonette practice. Japan continues to deny this.
Rape of nanking
_______ relations were strained even more in asia when they captured women and kept them so they would be available to soldiers.
Japanese
After WW2, the next big conflict is the ____.
Cold war
communisim was led by the _______ and democracy was led by the ________.
USSR - communism
Democracy - US
