QG theory part 3 vorticity

Question 1

It can be shown that the rate of change of vorticity is strongly dominated by two processes

(change of vorticity with time)

Answer 1

• Vorticity advection
• Divergence

Question 2

vorticity advection is resembled by

Answer 2

Question 3

Divergence is resembled by

Answer 3

Question 4

Vorticity

Answer 4

Rotation of wind around vertical axis (cyclonic or anticyclonic) vertical or in a slope

Question 5

storm has …………. vorticity

Answer 5

large

Question 6

How to get vorticity equation?

Answer 6

1. using horizontal component of momentum equation (zonal and meridional)
2. take the derivative of y of u component (zonal)
3. take the derivative of x of v component (meridional)
4. rearange
5. subtract (meridional-zonal)
6. simplify by scale analysis

Question 7

vorticity equation:

Answer 7

Question 8

term A means

Answer 8

local term

Question 9

term b means

Answer 9

Vorticity advection

Question 10

term c means

Answer 10

constant (coriolis parameter) & divergence

Question 11

what does the equation mean?

Answer 11

vorticity is changing due to vorticity advection and divergence

Question 12

the divergence term describe

Answer 12

the effects of divergence on the change of vorticity within a fluid.

Question 13

When divergence occurs in a fluid, vorticity becomes more …………………

Answer 13

anticyclonic

Question 14

When…………………… occurs in a fluid, vorticity becomes more anticyclonic

Answer 14

divergence

Question 15

When convergence occurs in a fluid, vorticity becomes more ……………..

Answer 15

cyclonic

Question 16

When ………………………..occurs in a fluid, vorticity becomes more cyclonic

Answer 16

convergence

Question 17

When divergence occurs in a fluid, vorticity becomes more anticyclonic. Thus, …………………………spins up …………………………..vorticity

Answer 17

convergence, cyclonic

Question 18

When ………………….occurs in a fluid, vorticity becomes more ……………………. Thus, convergence spins up cyclonic vorticity

Answer 18

divergence, anticyclonic

Question 19

Surface low-pressure centers are characterized by ………………………….and thus tend to be foci for the production of low-level cyclonic vorticity.

Answer 19

convergence

Question 20

Surface low-pressure centers are characterized by convergence and thus tend to be ……………………………………………………..

Answer 20

foci for the production of low-level cyclonic vorticity.

Question 21

upper divergence results in vorticity….

Answer 21

anticyclonic

Question 22

upper convergence results in……

Answer 22

cyclonic

Question 23

vorticity cyclonic (+ve or -ve)

Answer 23

+ve vorticity

Question 24

vorticity anticyclonic (+ve or -ve)

Answer 24

-ve vorticity

Question 25

Upstream of the trough, the geostrophic wind is directed from the ……………………………towards the ……………………………

Answer 25

vorticity minimum, vorticity maximum

Question 26

………………………………………., the geostrophic wind is directed from the vorticity minimum towards the vorticity maximum.

Answer 26

Upstream of the trough

Question 27

Downstream of the trough, the geostrophic wind is directed from the …………………………………. towards the ……………………………

Answer 27

vorticity maximum, vorticity minimum

Question 28

…………………………………………, the geostrophic wind is directed from the vorticity maximum towards the vorticity minimum.

Answer 28

Downstream of the trough,

Question 29

Note that regions of maximum vorticity advection is collocated with regions of …………………………………….

Answer 29

divergence

Question 30

Note that regions of …………………………………vorticity advection is collocated with regions of divergence

Answer 30

maximum

Question 31

Term A

Answer 31

Vorticity minimum in the ridges

Question 32

Term B

Answer 32

Min. vorticity advection

Question 33

Term C

Answer 33

Maximum vorticity advection

Question 34

Term D

Answer 34

Vorticity max in the trough

Question 35

The most important application of QG theory is

Answer 35

the diagnosis of vertical motion

Question 36

The fundamental equation of QG theory indicate that ………………….and ……………………………………are dynamically forced by two mechanisms:

–Vorticity advection
–Thermal advection

Answer 36

vertical motion 𝜔, geopotential height tendency 𝜒

Question 37

The fundamental equation of QG theory indicate that vertical motion 𝜔 and geopotential height tendency 𝜒 are dynamically forced by two mechanisms:

Answer 37

• Vorticity advection
• Thermal advection