part1 (2) Flashcards
symbol U represents
Horizontal velocity
10m/s
symbol W represents
vertical velocity 0.01 m/s
symbol L represents
horizontal distance 106 m
Symbol H represents
vertical distance 104 m
symbol P represents
pressure change
horizontal 103pa
vertical 105 pa
symbol t represents
time t=L/U
105sec
density
1 kg/m3
kinematic viscosity
1.46x10-5 m2/s
omega
7.292x10-5 rad/s
latitude
45º
radius of earth
6.378 x 106 m
measure of geostrophy
the extent to which the flow is in geostrophic balance
scale analysis for acceleration
corriolis scale analysis
pressure gradient force scale analysis
corriolis scale analysis (not ratio)
For synoptic-scale motions, scale analysis reveals that the dominant terms in the horizontal momentum equation are
the pressure gradient force and Coriolis terms
For synoptic-scale motions, scale analysis reveals that the dominant terms in the horizontal momentum equation are the pressure gradient force and Coriolis terms.
For the limiting case where these two terms are in exact balance known as
geostrophic balance
the geostrophic wind, which is oriented
parallel to isobars with lower values to the left (right) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere.
the vector and scalar expressions for flow that is in exact geostrophic balance
hydrostatic equation
assumption to replace the vertical momentum equation
hydrostatic equation, balance between the vertical pressure gradient force and gravitational acceleration
the vertical motions which do arise, are the result of
small imbalances between these largely cancelling vertical forces
Some numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, such as the Global Forecast System (GFS) model in the United States, are currently ………………………………models,
hydrostatic
Some numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, such as the Global Forecast System (GFS) model in the United States, are currently hydrostatic models, meaning that they do not explicitly solve the
vertical momentum equation
in the global forecast system , the vertical motion is obtained diagnostically, from the
continuity equation
An often-overlooked aspect of the continuity equation is that atmospheric mass is
not conserved
. The source and sink terms are most important during……………………………, for example, during a ……………………
heavy precipitation, tropical cyclone
continuity equation
first law of thermodynamics is known as
conservation of energy or thermodynamic energy equation
first law of thermodynamics
explain each term
dq is the heat added or subtracted from the mass,
du is the change in internal energy, and
dw is the increment of work done by the air parcel.
another expression for the first law of thermodynamics
first law of thermodynamics using hydrostatic equation
