part1 (3)

Question 1

Answer 1

the dry-adiabatic lapse rate

Question 2

Answer 2

Poisson’s equation

Question 3

the left hand side term is

Answer 3

potential temperature

Question 4

the vertical potential temperature profile is used to determine

Answer 4

static stability

Question 5

examination of the horizontal ɵ distribution is useful in

Answer 5

locating frontal boundaries

Question 6

When diabatic processes are negligible, air parcels are constrained to travel along surfaces of

Answer 6

constant ɵ, known as isentropic surfaces.

Question 7

as isentropic surfaces

Answer 7

surfaces of constant ɵ

Question 8

The lowest 1 km is characterized by

Answer 8

unsaturated turbulent mixing

Question 9

the temperature of rising and sinking air parcels follows the ………………………………….., meaning that potential temperature is ……………………………for parcels moving in this layer

Answer 9

dry-adiabatic lapse rate, conserved

Question 10

In the presence of solar heating, there may even be a slight …………………………………….immediately ……………………the surface, indicated by a small zone where potential temperature………………………………

Answer 10

superadiabatic layer, above , decreases with height

Question 11

Surface-based mixed layers usually correspond to the

Answer 11

planetary boundary layer

Question 12

Surface-based mixed layers usually correspond to the planetary boundary layer. The mixed layer depth has important implications for

Answer 12

air pollution , forecasting surface temperature and wind conditions

Question 13

Adiabatic mixed layers correspond to

Answer 13

neutral stability

Question 14

In the midlatitude troposphere, potential temperature typically ……………………….with height.

Answer 14

increase

Question 15

The more rapid the increase of θ with height, the more …………………….is the atmospheric profile.

Answer 15

stable

Question 16

The equivalent potential temperature is ………………………….for a wide majority of atmospheric flows, and is related to ………………………….

Answer 16

conserved, stability

Question 17

When θe decreases with height, the atmosphere is said to be

Answer 17

potentially or convectively unstable

Question 18

potentially or convectively unstable mean that

Answer 18

if the layer in which θe decreases with height was lifted to saturation, then an unstable lapse rate would result. This situation is often found when potentially colder or drier air is located above warm, moist air.

Question 19

Answer 19

prognostic equations for the local tendency of temperature or potential temperature

(Differentiating the first law of thermodynamics with respect to time)

Question 20

explain the terms

Answer 20

thermal advection, vertical motion, diabatic processes