QBC Star Results Overview Flashcards
What portions of a CBC will a QB Star give you?
- HCT
- HGB
- MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)
- WBC
- Granulocytes and % granulocytes
- Lymph/Mono and % Lymph/mono
- Platelets
What does CBC normally include?
- Leukocyte count
- Erythrocyte count
- HGB
- HCT
- RBC Indices
- Platelet count
What are the RBC Indices
- MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
- MCH (Mean Corpuscular HGB)
- MCHC (Mean Corpuscular HGB Concentration)
- RDW (RBC Distribution Width)
What are the normal adult ranges for RBC count?
- Male 4.5-5.9 x 10^6 cells/microL
- Female 4.5- 5.1 x 10^6 cells/microL
What are the normal adult ranges for HGB?
- Males 14-17.5 g/dL
- Female 12.3-15.3 g/dL
- Critical value (low) <8 g/dL
What is HGB?
- Main component of the RBC
- Protein that serves as the vehicle for the transportation of oxygen and CO2
What provides a direct indication of oxygen-transport capacity of the blood?
Hemoglobin concentration
What are the normal adult ranges for HCT?
- Male: 42-52%
- Female: 37-47%
What is HCT?
- Ratio of the volume of RBC’s to that of whole blood
Which is usually higher, HCT or HGB?
HCT is usually 3x more than HGB
What are RBC indices useful for?
Evaluation of anemias, polycythemia, and nutritional disorders
- Assess size and HGB content of the RBC
What is the normal and abnormal ranges for platelet count?
- Normal: 150,000-400,000/microL
- Critical Value (low) < 20,000/cubic mm (risk of hemorrhage)
- High, > 1,000,000/cubic mm (risk of thrombosis)
What is thrombocytosis?
- Abnormal high platelet count that has many causes such as stress/infection
- Can also be caused by:
- Splenectomy
- Trauma
- Iron-deficiency anemia
- Cirrhosis
What is Thrombocytopenia?
- Abnormal low platelet count below 150,000/cubic mm
- May be caused by
- TTP/DIC
- Leukemia
- Metastatic Cancers
What is the normal range of WBC count with differential?
4.5-11.0 x 10^3 cells/cubic mm
What is a critical low/high value for WBC count with differential?
- Low: < 2000/cubic mm
- High: >30,000/cubic mm
What is leukopenia?
Low number of WBC’s
What may leukopenia be due to?
- Bone marrow deficiency/failure
- Collagen-vascular disease
- Disease of liver/spleen
- Radiation therapy/exposure
What is leukocytosis?
High number of WBC’s
What may leukocytosis be due to?
- Anemia
- Bone marrow tumors
- Infectious disease
- Inflammatory disease
- Leukemia
- Severe emotional/physical stress
What is the normal range for neutrophils?
50-70%
What is the normal range for bands?
0-5%
What is the normal range for eosinophils?
1-5%
What is the normal range for basophils?
0-1%
What is the normal range for monocytes?
1-6%
What is the normal range for lymphocytes?
20-40%
What are agranular cells made up with?
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
What must the relative percentages of WBC Differential add up to?
100%
What is neutrophilia?
An increase in the percentage of neutrophils due to an acute infection
What decreases when neutrophils or bands are increased?
Lymphocytes
What is lymphocytosis and what does it indicate?
- Increase in total number of lymphocytes in relationship to total number of WBC’s)
- Indication of viral infection
What is eosinophilia common in?
- Parasitic infections
- Allergic disorders
What is anemia?
HCT value <42% in males and <37% in females
What is polycythemia?
HCT value >52% in males and >47% in females
How is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration calculated?
HGB/HCT x 100
What are granulocytes?
Category of WBC characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm
What are granulocytes also called?
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN or PML)
What are the 3 different types of granulocytes (granular WBC)?
- Neutrophil granulocytes
- Eosinophils granulocytes
- Basophil granulocytes
How are granulocytes distinguished?
Wright strain
What is the most abundant type of granulocyte?
Neutrophil; 50-70% total circulating WBC’s
What do eosinophils act as?
Phagocytes and modulate inflammatory response
Eosinophils are increased with the presence of what?
Helminths
What percentage of WBC’s is Eosinophils?
0-5%
What is the least abundant WBC in the blood?
Basophil, 0-1%
What is the second most abundant WBC?
Lymphocyte, 20-40%
What are the three different types of lymphocytes?
- Absolute
- Atypical
- Reactive
Overview of absolute lymphocytes?
- Count decreases with age
- Finding of >4 billion is defined as lymphocytosis
- determined by multiplying % of total lymphocytes by the total leukocyte count
What are atypical lymphocytes?
Used to describe malignant appearing cells
What are reactive lymphocytes?
Used to describe formed or benign lymphocytes
What are the reactive lymphocytes percentage?
< 10%
What are reactive lymphocytes also called?
- Immunocytes
- Immunoblasts
- Turk cells
- Downer cells
What are some viral causes of reactive lymphocytes?
- Adenovirus
- Chickenpox
- EBV (Infectious mono)
- Hepatitis
- Herpes simplex
- Herpes zoster
- HIV
What are some bacterial causes of reactive lymphocytes?
- Brucellosis
- Parathyroid fever
- Pertussis (whooping cough)
- Tuberculosis
- Typhoid fever
What are some drug reaction causes of reactive lymphocytes?
During recovery of acute infections
What are some miscellaneous causes of reactive lymphocytes?
- Acute infectious lymphocytosis
- Allergic reaction
- Autoimmune diseases
- Hyperthyroidism
- Malnutrition
- Rickets
What is an overview of monocytes?
- Formed in bone marrow
- Transported by blood
- Migrates into tissues
- Transforms into histiocyte or macrophage in the tissue
The QBC Star is intended for what type of diagnosis?
In vitro
