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Laboratory > QBC Star Results Overview > Flashcards

QBC Star Results Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What portions of a CBC will a QB Star give you?

A
  • HCT
  • HGB
  • MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)
  • WBC
  • Granulocytes and % granulocytes
  • Lymph/Mono and % Lymph/mono
  • Platelets
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2
Q

What does CBC normally include?

A
  • Leukocyte count
  • Erythrocyte count
  • HGB
  • HCT
  • RBC Indices
  • Platelet count
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3
Q

What are the RBC Indices

A
  • MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
  • MCH (Mean Corpuscular HGB)
  • MCHC (Mean Corpuscular HGB Concentration)
  • RDW (RBC Distribution Width)
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4
Q

What are the normal adult ranges for RBC count?

A
  • Male 4.5-5.9 x 10^6 cells/microL

- Female 4.5- 5.1 x 10^6 cells/microL

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5
Q

What are the normal adult ranges for HGB?

A
  • Males 14-17.5 g/dL
  • Female 12.3-15.3 g/dL
  • Critical value (low) <8 g/dL
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6
Q

What is HGB?

A
  • Main component of the RBC

- Protein that serves as the vehicle for the transportation of oxygen and CO2

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7
Q

What provides a direct indication of oxygen-transport capacity of the blood?

A

Hemoglobin concentration

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8
Q

What are the normal adult ranges for HCT?

A
  • Male: 42-52%

- Female: 37-47%

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9
Q

What is HCT?

A
  • Ratio of the volume of RBC’s to that of whole blood
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10
Q

Which is usually higher, HCT or HGB?

A

HCT is usually 3x more than HGB

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11
Q

What are RBC indices useful for?

A

Evaluation of anemias, polycythemia, and nutritional disorders
- Assess size and HGB content of the RBC

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12
Q

What is the normal and abnormal ranges for platelet count?

A
  • Normal: 150,000-400,000/microL
  • Critical Value (low) < 20,000/cubic mm (risk of hemorrhage)
  • High, > 1,000,000/cubic mm (risk of thrombosis)
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13
Q

What is thrombocytosis?

A
  • Abnormal high platelet count that has many causes such as stress/infection
  • Can also be caused by:
  • Splenectomy
  • Trauma
  • Iron-deficiency anemia
  • Cirrhosis
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14
Q

What is Thrombocytopenia?

A
  • Abnormal low platelet count below 150,000/cubic mm
  • May be caused by
  • TTP/DIC
  • Leukemia
  • Metastatic Cancers
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15
Q

What is the normal range of WBC count with differential?

A

4.5-11.0 x 10^3 cells/cubic mm

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16
Q

What is a critical low/high value for WBC count with differential?

A
  • Low: < 2000/cubic mm

- High: >30,000/cubic mm

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17
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Low number of WBC’s

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18
Q

What may leukopenia be due to?

A
  • Bone marrow deficiency/failure
  • Collagen-vascular disease
  • Disease of liver/spleen
  • Radiation therapy/exposure
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19
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

High number of WBC’s

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20
Q

What may leukocytosis be due to?

A
  • Anemia
  • Bone marrow tumors
  • Infectious disease
  • Inflammatory disease
  • Leukemia
  • Severe emotional/physical stress
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21
Q

What is the normal range for neutrophils?

A

50-70%

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22
Q

What is the normal range for bands?

A

0-5%

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23
Q

What is the normal range for eosinophils?

A

1-5%

24
Q

What is the normal range for basophils?

A

0-1%

25
Q

What is the normal range for monocytes?

A

1-6%

26
Q

What is the normal range for lymphocytes?

A

20-40%

27
Q

What are agranular cells made up with?

A
  • Monocytes

- Lymphocytes

28
Q

What must the relative percentages of WBC Differential add up to?

A

100%

29
Q

What is neutrophilia?

A

An increase in the percentage of neutrophils due to an acute infection

30
Q

What decreases when neutrophils or bands are increased?

A

Lymphocytes

31
Q

What is lymphocytosis and what does it indicate?

A
  • Increase in total number of lymphocytes in relationship to total number of WBC’s)
  • Indication of viral infection
32
Q

What is eosinophilia common in?

A
  • Parasitic infections

- Allergic disorders

33
Q

What is anemia?

A

HCT value <42% in males and <37% in females

34
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

HCT value >52% in males and >47% in females

35
Q

How is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration calculated?

A

HGB/HCT x 100

36
Q

What are granulocytes?

A

Category of WBC characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm

37
Q

What are granulocytes also called?

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN or PML)

38
Q

What are the 3 different types of granulocytes (granular WBC)?

A
  • Neutrophil granulocytes
  • Eosinophils granulocytes
  • Basophil granulocytes
39
Q

How are granulocytes distinguished?

A

Wright strain

40
Q

What is the most abundant type of granulocyte?

A

Neutrophil; 50-70% total circulating WBC’s

41
Q

What do eosinophils act as?

A

Phagocytes and modulate inflammatory response

42
Q

Eosinophils are increased with the presence of what?

A

Helminths

43
Q

What percentage of WBC’s is Eosinophils?

A

0-5%

44
Q

What is the least abundant WBC in the blood?

A

Basophil, 0-1%

45
Q

What is the second most abundant WBC?

A

Lymphocyte, 20-40%

46
Q

What are the three different types of lymphocytes?

A
  • Absolute
  • Atypical
  • Reactive
47
Q

Overview of absolute lymphocytes?

A
  • Count decreases with age
  • Finding of >4 billion is defined as lymphocytosis
  • determined by multiplying % of total lymphocytes by the total leukocyte count
48
Q

What are atypical lymphocytes?

A

Used to describe malignant appearing cells

49
Q

What are reactive lymphocytes?

A

Used to describe formed or benign lymphocytes

50
Q

What are the reactive lymphocytes percentage?

A

< 10%

51
Q

What are reactive lymphocytes also called?

A
  • Immunocytes
  • Immunoblasts
  • Turk cells
  • Downer cells
52
Q

What are some viral causes of reactive lymphocytes?

A
  • Adenovirus
  • Chickenpox
  • EBV (Infectious mono)
  • Hepatitis
  • Herpes simplex
  • Herpes zoster
  • HIV
53
Q

What are some bacterial causes of reactive lymphocytes?

A
  • Brucellosis
  • Parathyroid fever
  • Pertussis (whooping cough)
  • Tuberculosis
  • Typhoid fever
54
Q

What are some drug reaction causes of reactive lymphocytes?

A

During recovery of acute infections

55
Q

What are some miscellaneous causes of reactive lymphocytes?

A
  • Acute infectious lymphocytosis
  • Allergic reaction
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Malnutrition
  • Rickets
56
Q

What is an overview of monocytes?

A
  • Formed in bone marrow
  • Transported by blood
  • Migrates into tissues
  • Transforms into histiocyte or macrophage in the tissue
57
Q

The QBC Star is intended for what type of diagnosis?

A

In vitro

Laboratory (6 decks)

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