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Radiology & Radiography > QA > Flashcards

QA Flashcards

0
Q

Which two duty holders are expected to know the principles of QA and QC applied to equipment and techniques and according to which body?

A

IRMER

Practitioners and Operators

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1
Q

What is QA?

A

Arrangements to ensure QC methods are effective and they lead to relevant change

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2
Q

What is quality control

A

Specific measures for ensuring and verifying the quality of the radiographs produced

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3
Q

What is quality audit?

A

Process of external reassurance and assessment that quality control and assurance are satisfactory and work effectively

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4
Q

T/F

QA programme is mandatory

A

T

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5
Q

T/F

QA must be recorded

A

T

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6
Q

T/F

QA must be implemented by a named person?

A

T

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7
Q

What three things is the named person responsible for?

A

Frequency of operation should be defined
Content of supporting records should be define
Frequency of formal checking records

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8
Q

What are the Essential procedures within a dental radio QA programme?

A 
Image quality
Patient dose and x ray equipment 
darkroom image receptors processing
Working procedures
Training 
Audit
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9
Q

How canQA of image quality be carried out?

A

Monitor information daily by comparing radiograph with good quality reference film

Monitor formally every 6 ninths prospectively or retrospectively

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10
Q

How often should the darkroom or daylight checks be made?

A

Daily : to check cleanliness and film hangers cleaned

6/12 monthly: light tightness of darkroom and checks safelights/ day light hood

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11
Q

When are film hangers used?

A

Wet developing

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12
Q

What tests do you use to check the safelight and daylight hood?

A

Coin tests and filter distance from work surface

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13
Q

How should x ray films be stored?

A

Cool dry place away from direct sunlight and ionising radiation

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14
Q

What should you do to the film stock?

A

Rotate and careful handling

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15
Q

What do you need to check the cassettes and intensifying screens for?

A

Light tightness and for film screen contact

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16
Q

How should you care for the intensifying screens?

A

Clean regularly with cleaner

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17
Q

Which digital image receptors are there?

A

Phosphor plates

CCD sensors

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18
Q

How do you clean phosphor plates?

A

Visual inspection and cleaning and check for artefacts by placing a low exposure scan in the image and observe

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19
Q

How do you care for the CCD receptors?

A

Follow manufacture

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20
Q

How do you check for chemical solutions are functional well?

A

Make up as recommended by manufacture

Fill fixer tank fist and operate at correct temperature

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21
Q

How often should you change the chemical solutions?

A

Every 2 weeks and records should be kept

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22
Q

How can you monitor the chemical for deterioration?

A

Make a test tool and radiograph this at a standard setting and distance
Process in fresh solution to produce a reference film
Repeat this daily using same exposure factors
And compare each days film with the reference film and record results

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23
Q

Which processor checks should be performed?

A

Daily checks: check solutions and replenish as and when, change water in wash tank, run cleaner film each morning through, check got deterioration of chemicals
Weekly: clean rollers
Fortnightly: Change chemical, wash transport mechanisms and tank
6 monthly: check daylight loader with coin test
Annually: service machine

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24
Q

How can we ensure the quality assurance of working procedures?

A

Local rules IRR99 and Employers procedures IRMER 2000

25
Q

What are the local rules?

A

Procedures and operational elements essentials to safe use of X-ray equipment

26
Q

What do the employers procedures ensure?

A

QA programme followed

Written protocols for all examinations and tasks related to radiation safety

27
Q

Whsy should be done re staff training for QA?

A 
Should all be recorded
Name 
Responsibility
Date and training received 
Recommendation for training
28
Q

What QA audits should be performed?

A

Justification and authorisation if x rays
Clinical evaluations of films
QA programme and associated records

29
Q

What QA checks should be performed daily?

A 
Processor checks
Cleaning of daylight hood and hangers
X-ray equipment 
Test X-ray compared to reference film
Maintenance of film reject log
30
Q

What QA checks should be performed every 2 weeks?

A 
Check film and chemical stock
Clean processor and rollers 
Clean viewing box
Produce new reference film
Change developer and fixer
31
Q

What QA checks should be performed monthly?

A

Clean viewing box
Check film and chemical stocks
Check accuracy of darkroom timer and thermometer (manual processing)
Clean intending screens

32
Q

What checks should be done very 3 months?

A

Check phosphor plates

33
Q

What QA checks should be performed every 6 months?

A

Check safe lighting and daylight loading system within coin test
Check light tightness of cassettes
Check quality targets
Reject analysis

34
Q

What QA checks should be performed annually?

A

Service X-ray sets and automatic processor

35
Q

What QA checks should be performed every 3 years?

A

Radiation survey of equipment.

37
Q

What is the ultimate role of QA?

A

Patient care

38
Q

What can we use to check the quality of radiographs?

A

Quality rating Grade 1/2/3

39
Q

How much grade one image quality should we aim for?

A

70%

40
Q

How much grade 2 should we aim for?

A

Less than 20%

41
Q

How much grade 3 image quality whisks weak for?

A

Less than 10%

42
Q

What is a grade 1 film?

A

ExcellentNo errors of exposure processing or positioning

43
Q

What is a grade 2 film?

A

Diagnostically acceptableSome errors but still diagnostic

44
Q

What is a grade 3 film?

A

Unacceptable Errors which make the film unacceptable

45
Q

Where should we record grade 3 films? And what should be recorded

A

Film reject log Date, nature of film fault, cause and corrective action, number of repeats Calculate total number of grade 3 films percentage

46
Q

Which can films always need to be retaken?

A

Grade 3If you did not retake it then why did you take it in the first place?

47
Q

How can we quality assure equipment and patient doz0se?

A

Daily equipment checks

48
Q

What daily equipment checks should be performed?

A

Warning signal visible and audible on exposure and goes off when button releasedMake sure counterbalance is working and tube remains in correct position

49
Q

What should happen to the equipment upon installation?

A

Critical examination by the installer and must perform an acceptance test before the equipment is used clinically to establish a baseline performance

50
Q

Who is responsible to ensure the acceptance test is carried to?

A

The legal person

51
Q

What should be included on the equipment acceptance test?

A

Patient doses should be tested

52
Q

At what time interval must routine equipment tests not exceed? And what must the include?

A

3 years DRL

53
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring routine tests are carried out?

A

Legal person

54
Q

When are annual tests recommended?

A

Assessed patient dose exceeds DRLImage quality analysis fails to meet targets QA programme identifies a problem

55
Q

What should be obtained if the equipment has been relocated, repaired or modified?

A

Re examination report

56
Q

What log for the equipment must be kept?

A

Equipment log

57
Q

What must be in the equipment log?

A

Inventory of each tine according to IRMER 200-Name of manufacturer and model no-Serial number-Year of installation and manufacture Installers written formal reports-checks made-action taken Equipment check in chronological orderDetail of routine or any special maintenance

58
Q

What is a photon equivalent to?

A

A quantum of energy

59
Q

How much does the step up transformer step to?

A

From 240kv to 70000kv

60
Q

How much does the step down transformer step to?

A

240kv to 810v

Radiology & Radiography (11 decks)

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