Bone Diseases Flashcards
What is the cause of osteopetrosis?
Defect in carbonic anhydrase enzyme in osteoclasts
What is osteopetrosis?
Scleorsis of the bone leading to marble bone
What can happen to the cranial base in osteopetrosis and what effect does this have ?
Increased deposition can compress the cranial nerves
What are the systemic signs of osteopetrosis?
Anaemia and pathological bone fractures
What are the radiological signs of osteopetrosis?
-Uniformly dense radiopaque skull vault -narrowing of nerve foramina -thickening of the lamina dura in jaw -delayed tooth eruption IF JAW IS INVOLVED ALWAYS BILATERAL
What are the radiological features of hyperparathyroidism?
Osteopenia (decreased density): very fine ground glass trabecular pattern/salt and pepper Bone pain Browns tumours Loss of lamina dura around all teeth Loss of the thick border of mandible
What can people with hyperparathyroidism get in the long bones?
Following severe chronic skeletal hyperparathyroidism this can lead to OFC which is when the cyst degenerates and forms fibrous tissue
What are thr cysts in browns tumour composed of?
Lined by osteoclasts and sometimes blood pigments hence why they are brown
Which blood dyscrasia scan affect the bone?
Anemia and thallaseemia
How can sickle cell anaemia present radiologically?
Hair on end appearance of skull Hyperplasia of bone marrow spaces at the expense of cancellous bone Course trabecular pattern and step ladder appearance of the bone between the roots of teeth occurs Enlargement of the maxilla Normal lamina dura Boney infarcts
What is thalassemia?
Mainly seen in Greeks Abnormal beta chain synthesis so RBC have short life span
What are the radiological signs of thalassemia?
Large marrow spaces Encroachment into the antral spaces Thining of cortical structures mainly lower border of mandible Shorted teeth or spiked shapes NO BONE INFARCT
What is Paget’s disease ?
Disease of the elderly where normal process of bone deposition and resorption are disrupted
What part of the body is spared in Paget’s?
Hands and feet
What are the two stages of Pagets?
Earlier stage: bone resorption Late stage: bone deposition
What are the main features of Paget’s?
Haphazard sclerotic bone cotton wool appearance Enlargement of the skull Loss of lamina dura
What is this?
Pagets disease of the bone
What is this?
Pagets disease of the bone
What is this disease?
Patient presents with delayed tooth eruption and acute psudomembranous candidiasis?
Osteopetrosis
What is this disease?
Hyperparathyroidism is the skull picture
Browns tumour of hyperparathyroidism
42 year old male from Greece, comes to you at your practice for an extraction of multple teeth prior to chemotherapy. You take the DPT, what do you notice?
Thallassemia
spiky teeth, enlarged marrow spaces, encroachment into antrum
What disease could this be?
Thallassemia or anemia
In thallassemia would also see root resprotion and no evidence of bone infarcts, and usually in meditteranean people
In anemia usually in tropical countries eg Africans and see bone infarcts and step ladder appaearance of trabecular bone between teeth
