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PVM > Q4 FA OSCE > Flashcards

Q4 FA OSCE Flashcards

1
Q

Frick speculum

A

Metal cylinder that keeps the cow from chewing through the tube

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2
Q

What do you always make sure to do before pulling out a ororumenal tube?

A

KINK TWICE

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3
Q

What are the five main things we are testing with rumenal fluid?

A

Color, consistency, smell, pH (normal 6.2-7.2), Protozoa (variable sizes, number, movement)

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4
Q

What pH of rumenal fluid shows acidosis?

A

Less than 5.5 (more than 8 too high)

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5
Q

CMT grading

A

Trace- slight thickening
1- thickening but no gel formation
2- immediate thickening with some gel
3- fried egg appearance

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6
Q

Weight distribution on front and rear hooves

A

Front is more medial, while rear is more lateral

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7
Q

Hoof testing

A

Compression of the hoof wall using pliers essentially, she’ll feel it if there is a problem

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8
Q

Which part of the hoof bears most of the cows weight

A

Hoof wall

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9
Q

Baer block

A

Tourniquet above fetlock, inject lidocaine in common digital vein

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10
Q

Claw amputation

A

Incisions 3-4 cm proximal to interdigital space and heel bulbs, cut between middle and distal third of P1

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11
Q

Cornual block

A

Use on all dehorned animals tbh, between lateral canthus of eye and horn base (under frontal ridge)

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12
Q

What additional block do you want to consider when dehorning cows over a year of age?

A

Ring block on caudal side of horn

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13
Q

What additional block do you want to perform for goats?

A

Infratrochlear, between medial canthus and medial horn base

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14
Q

Toxicity for lidocaine

A

5 mg/kg

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15
Q

Dehorner we used on carrots

A

Barnes dehorners

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16
Q

Caudal epidural

A

Used for dystocia, prolapse and PU in goats
Can do at the sacrococcygeal joint, first intercoccygela joint or second

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17
Q

Lumbosacral epidural

A

NOT IN CATTLE blocks hind legs, abdominal incision or rear limb fracture, sensory MOTOR to caudal half
Midline just caudal to between tuber coxae

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18
Q

Proximal dorsal paravertebral block

A

Less lidocaine and better for fat animals
Block just behind the vertebrae of the spinal level (T13, L1, L2 nerves)

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19
Q

Distal lateral paravertebral block

A

Easier in skinny cows, less epaxial blockade
Tip of L1, L2, and L4!!!

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20
Q

Best block for an eye exam

A

Auriculopalpebral blocks motor but not sensory, just keeps them from blinking
Between lateral canthus and base of ear over zygomatic arch

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21
Q

Cattle duration of gestation

A

280 days

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22
Q

Stages of parturition lengths in cows

A

Stage I: 2-8 hours but very variable
Stage II: 2-4 hours normal active pushing before calf
Stage III: Up to 12 hours for passage of placenta

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23
Q

3 Ps

A

Presentation- cranial, caudal, transverse
Position- dorso-sacral
Posture- forelimbs, head and neck, flexion?

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24
Q

Most common cause of dystocia in cows

A

Maternal-fetal disproportion

25
Q

Maternal-fetal disproportion

A

Immaturity of dam or small pelvis, possibly excessive fat around pelvis

26
Q

Primary uterine inertia

A

Defect in myometrium or uterine structure

27
Q

Secondary uterine inertia

A

Prolonged or difficult delivery leads to hypocalcemia and exhaustion, common in swine

28
Q

Uterine torsion

A

Most common in large frame cattle and camelids, occurs during stage I labor, cervix open can attempt to manually reduce with detorsion bar, closed cervix means either roll or proceed to c section

29
Q

Ringwomb

A

Seen in SR, possibly genetic but cervix doesn’t open all the way, apply misoprostol, likely c section

30
Q

Prepubic tendon rupture

A

Prognosis grave, cannot properly contract

31
Q

Fetal oversize

A

Large offspring syndrome, seen in IVP, cloned cattle and sheep

32
Q

What are two reasons a dead fetus may lead to dystocia

A

Fetus usually initiates parturition with cortisol and helps orient himself

33
Q

Fetal maldisposition

A

Most common cause of dystocia in small ruminants and horses (most common type in cows is one forelimb retained)

34
Q

What is the major zoonosis we worry about with SR dystocia

A

Q fever

35
Q

Describe the bovine estrus cycle

A

Continually polyestrous, spontaneous ovulators, monotocous ESTRUS ONLY 12-24 HRS

36
Q

Diestrus

A

Follicular waves, but no ovulation because progesterone too high

37
Q

Estrus

A

Progesterone low, estrogens cause ovulation at end of

38
Q

SR cycle

A

Seasonal short day breeders, spontaneous ovulators, polytocous

39
Q

Goats and everyone length of cycle

A

21 days (sheep only 17)

40
Q

PGF2a

A

Will induce luteolysis as long as 7 days after ovulation

41
Q

Ovulatory induction agents

A

GnRH analogs (gonadorelin), LH analogs (hCG)

42
Q

CIDR

A

only approved drug in SR, implant that secretes progesterone

43
Q

Ovsynch

A

GnRH, then PGF2a, then GnRH again for the sure dominant follicle to ovulate

44
Q

Presynch

A

Adds PGF2a before ovsynch

45
Q

Why would you give FSH when inducing superovulation

A

Induces many dominant follicles

46
Q

What two things are integral in our exam during a BSE

A

The bull needs to be able to see and not lame

47
Q

What are we checking on an internal reproductive exam

A

Prostate, vesicular glands, ampulla, and inguinal rings

48
Q

What two things do we evaluate with a semen collection

A

Gross/progressive motility and morphology

49
Q

Primary sperm defects

A

Affects the head/midpiece, proximal droplets, coiled tails

50
Q

Secondary defects

A

Distal droplet, bent tail, detached head, distal midpiece reflex

51
Q

Knobbed acrosome

A

Primary defect with chunk out of the head of the sperm

52
Q

Dag defect

A

Heritable defect, little stumpy tails

53
Q

Distal midpiece reflex

A

Droplet then tail flips back to midpiece, most common defect, secondary

54
Q

Minimum standards for bull to pass

A

Scrotal circumference: 34cm by 2yrs
Progressive motility: 30%
Morphology: 70% normal

55
Q

Burdizzo clamp

A

Crushing tool applied externally to each cord, leaves appearance of testicles

56
Q

Callicrate bander

A

Used to put big thick bang around cow testicles

57
Q

Henderson tool

A

Power tool one useful for larger calves

58
Q

Camelid castration

A

Always clamp and legate, cord too small and non pendulus scrotum

59
Q

Castration complication we can vaccinate against

A

Tetanus

PVM (4 decks)

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