Q4 FA OSCE

Question 1

Frick speculum

Answer 1

Metal cylinder that keeps the cow from chewing through the tube

Question 2

What do you always make sure to do before pulling out a ororumenal tube?

Answer 2

KINK TWICE

Question 3

What are the five main things we are testing with rumenal fluid?

Answer 3

Color, consistency, smell, pH (normal 6.2-7.2), Protozoa (variable sizes, number, movement)

Question 4

What pH of rumenal fluid shows acidosis?

Answer 4

Less than 5.5 (more than 8 too high)

Question 5

CMT grading

Answer 5

Trace- slight thickening
1- thickening but no gel formation
2- immediate thickening with some gel
3- fried egg appearance

Question 6

Weight distribution on front and rear hooves

Answer 6

Front is more medial, while rear is more lateral

Question 7

Hoof testing

Answer 7

Compression of the hoof wall using pliers essentially, she’ll feel it if there is a problem

Question 8

Which part of the hoof bears most of the cows weight

Answer 8

Hoof wall

Question 9

Baer block

Answer 9

Tourniquet above fetlock, inject lidocaine in common digital vein

Question 10

Claw amputation

Answer 10

Incisions 3-4 cm proximal to interdigital space and heel bulbs, cut between middle and distal third of P1

Question 11

Cornual block

Answer 11

Use on all dehorned animals tbh, between lateral canthus of eye and horn base (under frontal ridge)

Question 12

What additional block do you want to consider when dehorning cows over a year of age?

Answer 12

Ring block on caudal side of horn

Question 13

What additional block do you want to perform for goats?

Answer 13

Infratrochlear, between medial canthus and medial horn base

Question 14

Toxicity for lidocaine

Answer 14

5 mg/kg

Question 15

Dehorner we used on carrots

Answer 15

Barnes dehorners

Question 16

Caudal epidural

Answer 16

Used for dystocia, prolapse and PU in goats
Can do at the sacrococcygeal joint, first intercoccygela joint or second

Question 17

Lumbosacral epidural

Answer 17

NOT IN CATTLE blocks hind legs, abdominal incision or rear limb fracture, sensory MOTOR to caudal half
Midline just caudal to between tuber coxae

Question 18

Proximal dorsal paravertebral block

Answer 18

Less lidocaine and better for fat animals
Block just behind the vertebrae of the spinal level (T13, L1, L2 nerves)

Question 19

Distal lateral paravertebral block

Answer 19

Easier in skinny cows, less epaxial blockade
Tip of L1, L2, and L4!!!

Question 20

Best block for an eye exam

Answer 20

Auriculopalpebral blocks motor but not sensory, just keeps them from blinking
Between lateral canthus and base of ear over zygomatic arch

Question 21

Cattle duration of gestation

Answer 21

280 days

Question 22

Stages of parturition lengths in cows

Answer 22

Stage I: 2-8 hours but very variable
Stage II: 2-4 hours normal active pushing before calf
Stage III: Up to 12 hours for passage of placenta

Question 23

3 Ps

Answer 23

Presentation- cranial, caudal, transverse
Position- dorso-sacral
Posture- forelimbs, head and neck, flexion?

Question 24

Most common cause of dystocia in cows

Answer 24

Maternal-fetal disproportion

Question 25

Maternal-fetal disproportion

Answer 25

Immaturity of dam or small pelvis, possibly excessive fat around pelvis

Question 26

Primary uterine inertia

Answer 26

Defect in myometrium or uterine structure

Question 27

Secondary uterine inertia

Answer 27

Prolonged or difficult delivery leads to hypocalcemia and exhaustion, common in swine

Question 28

Uterine torsion

Answer 28

Most common in large frame cattle and camelids, occurs during stage I labor, cervix open can attempt to manually reduce with detorsion bar, closed cervix means either roll or proceed to c section

Question 29

Ringwomb

Answer 29

Seen in SR, possibly genetic but cervix doesn’t open all the way, apply misoprostol, likely c section

Question 30

Prepubic tendon rupture

Answer 30

Prognosis grave, cannot properly contract

Question 31

Fetal oversize

Answer 31

Large offspring syndrome, seen in IVP, cloned cattle and sheep

Question 32

What are two reasons a dead fetus may lead to dystocia

Answer 32

Fetus usually initiates parturition with cortisol and helps orient himself

Question 33

Fetal maldisposition

Answer 33

Most common cause of dystocia in small ruminants and horses (most common type in cows is one forelimb retained)

Question 34

What is the major zoonosis we worry about with SR dystocia

Answer 34

Q fever

Question 35

Describe the bovine estrus cycle

Answer 35

Continually polyestrous, spontaneous ovulators, monotocous ESTRUS ONLY 12-24 HRS

Question 36

Diestrus

Answer 36

Follicular waves, but no ovulation because progesterone too high

Question 37

Estrus

Answer 37

Progesterone low, estrogens cause ovulation at end of

Question 38

SR cycle

Answer 38

Seasonal short day breeders, spontaneous ovulators, polytocous

Question 39

Goats and everyone length of cycle

Answer 39

21 days (sheep only 17)

Question 40

PGF2a

Answer 40

Will induce luteolysis as long as 7 days after ovulation

Question 41

Ovulatory induction agents

Answer 41

GnRH analogs (gonadorelin), LH analogs (hCG)

Question 42

CIDR

Answer 42

only approved drug in SR, implant that secretes progesterone

Question 43

Ovsynch

Answer 43

GnRH, then PGF2a, then GnRH again for the sure dominant follicle to ovulate

Question 44

Presynch

Answer 44

Adds PGF2a before ovsynch

Question 45

Why would you give FSH when inducing superovulation

Answer 45

Induces many dominant follicles

Question 46

What two things are integral in our exam during a BSE

Answer 46

The bull needs to be able to see and not lame

Question 47

What are we checking on an internal reproductive exam

Answer 47

Prostate, vesicular glands, ampulla, and inguinal rings

Question 48

What two things do we evaluate with a semen collection

Answer 48

Gross/progressive motility and morphology

Question 49

Primary sperm defects

Answer 49

Affects the head/midpiece, proximal droplets, coiled tails

Question 50

Secondary defects

Answer 50

Distal droplet, bent tail, detached head, distal midpiece reflex

Question 51

Knobbed acrosome

Answer 51

Primary defect with chunk out of the head of the sperm

Question 52

Dag defect

Answer 52

Heritable defect, little stumpy tails

Question 53

Distal midpiece reflex

Answer 53

Droplet then tail flips back to midpiece, most common defect, secondary

Question 54

Minimum standards for bull to pass

Answer 54

Scrotal circumference: 34cm by 2yrs Progressive motility: 30% Morphology: 70% normal

Question 55

Burdizzo clamp

Answer 55

Crushing tool applied externally to each cord, leaves appearance of testicles

Question 56

Callicrate bander

Answer 56

Used to put big thick bang around cow testicles

Question 57

Henderson tool

Answer 57

Power tool one useful for larger calves

Question 58

Camelid castration

Answer 58

Always clamp and legate, cord too small and non pendulus scrotum

Question 59

Castration complication we can vaccinate against

Answer 59

Tetanus