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ANA LEC > Q3 Pectoral, Scapular Regions and Shoulder joint > Flashcards

Q3 Pectoral, Scapular Regions and Shoulder joint Flashcards

1
Q
  • anterior aspect of the shoulder
  • also part of the anterior thoracic wall
  • contains pectoral muscles and connect and function as part of the upper limb
A

pectoral region

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2
Q

it is a specialized accessory gland of the skin that are capable of secreting milk

A

breast

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3
Q

small elevated part of the breast

A

nipple

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4
Q

colored area of skin around the nipple

A

areola

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5
Q

how many lobes radiate around the nipples?

A

15-20 lobes

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6
Q

lobes contain what?

A

lobules

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7
Q

a tree branched system that connects the lobules of mammary gland to the tip of the nipple

A

lactiferous ducts

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8
Q

structures that carry milk towards the nipple

A

lactiferous ducts

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9
Q

dilated part of the duct; elevated part commonly at the end of lactiferous ducts (also called ampulla)

A

lactiferous sinus

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10
Q

fibrous septa that separates lobes of the gland from each other; extends from skin to deep fascia

A

suspensory ligament

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11
Q

tiny tubercles on the areola

A

areolar glands (of montgomery)

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12
Q

what are the uses of the areolar gland?

A

maintains moisture on the nipples and prevents cracks on happening especially when breastfeeding

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13
Q

behind of breast tissue filled by loose connective tissue

A

retromammary space

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14
Q

blood supply of the breast

A
  1. internal thoracic artery
  2. intercostal artery
  3. lateral thoracic
  4. thoracoacromial branches of axillary artery
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15
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the lateral quadrant of the breast?

A

anterior axillary or pectoral group of nodes

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16
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the medial quadrant of the breast?

A

internal thoracic group of nodes

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17
Q

to what location does the breast extend to at puberty?

A

2nd to 6th ribs, from lateral margin of sternum to midaxillary line

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18
Q

where is the nipple located?

A

4th intercostal space midclavicle

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19
Q

what happens to breasts in early pregnancy?

A
  • secretory alveoli develop at ends of smaller duct
  • vascularity increases
  • nipple enlarges, areola darkens, areolar glands become active
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20
Q

what happens to breasts in late pregnancy?

A
  • growth slows at 2nd half of pregnancy but breast continues to enlarge due to distention of secretory alveoli with fluid secretion
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21
Q

what do you call the first milk released by the breast

A

colostrum

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22
Q

why is the colostrum important?

A

it contains the antibodies from the mother passed to the baby

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23
Q

what happens to breasts in post weaning (baby doesn’t breastfeed anymore)?

A
  • breast return to inactive state
  • secretory alveoli shrink and most disappear
  • nipple shrinks
    pigmentation of areola fades
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24
Q

women that have nipples w no fat, hair, or sweat glands ; nipples at the 4th intercostal space

A

nulliparous women

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25
women that have enlarged nipples and are pendulous
multiparous women
26
what happens to breast postmenopause?
- breast atrophies - secretory alveoli disappears leaving behind the duct - adipose tissue may increase or decrease - breasts tend to shrink in size but becomes pendulous - due to absence of estrogen and progesterone
27
a pyramid shape between upper part of arm and side of chest
axillary region
28
what is the upper end of the axillary region and is directed to root of neck called
apex
29
what is the lower end of the axillary region called
base
30
AXILLARY REGION: boundaries of the apex
- anterior: clavicle - posterior: upper border of scapula - medially: outer border of first rib
31
AXILLARY REGION: boundaries of the base
- Anterior axillary fold (lower border of pectoralis major muscle) - Posterior axillary fold (tendon of latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle) - Medially by the chest wall
32
AXILLARY REGION: what forms the ANTERIOR WALL
- pectoralis major - pectoralis minor - subclavius
33
AXILLARY REGION: what forms the POSTERIOR WALL
- subscapularis - latissimus dorsi - teres major
34
AXILLARY REGION: what forms the LATERAL WALL
- coracobrachialis - biceps in bicipital groove of humerus
35
AXILLARY REGION: what forms the MEDIAL WALL
- upper four or five ribs - intercostal spaces covered by serratus anterior
36
Contents of the axillary region
1. axillary vein 2. axillary artery - main blood supply to the upper limb; from subclavian artery 3. brachial plexus 4. lymph nodes of axilla
37
name changes from "subclavian artery" to "axillary artery" at what landmark?
1st rib
38
where does the "axillary artery" end and becomes the " brachial artery"?
lower border of the teres major
39
what encloses the brachial plexus (cords and branches)?
axillary sheath
40
what muscle divides the axillary artery to 3 parts?
pectoralis minor
41
What is the location and the First division of the Axillary artery
first rib to upper border of the pectoralis minor; (1) Highest Thoracic Artery
42
What is the location and the Second division of the Axillary artery
under pectoralis minor; (2) Thoracoacromial acromial (3) Lateral Thoracic Artery
43
What is the location and the Third division of the Axillary artery
from lower border of pectoralis minor to lower border of teres major; (4) Subscapular artery (5) Anterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (6) Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (which passes thru the quadrangular space)
44
strong sheet of connective tissue attached above the clavicle
clavipectoral fascia
45
SCAPULAR REGION: what forms the quadrangular space?
- teres minor - teres major - subscapularis - surgical neck - long head of triceps
46
SCAPULAR REGION: what forms the triangular space?
- teres minor - teres major - triceps long head
47
SCAPULAR REGION: what forms the triangular interval?
- triceps medial - triceps long head - teres major
48
SCAPULAR REGION: structures that pass the quadrangular space?
- axillary nerve - posterior circumflex humeral vessels
49
SCAPULAR REGION: structures that pass the triangular space?
scapular circumflex artery
50
SCAPULAR REGION: structures that pass the triangular interval?
- profunda brachii - radial nerve
51
key muscle in the axilla
pectoralis minor
52
triangular muscle beneath pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
53
location of pectoralis minor
3rd to 4th ribs till coracoid process of scapula
54
ligaments in sternoclavicular joint
- sternoclavicular (sternum to clavicle) - costoclavicular (clavicle to first rib)
55
what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
synovial double plain joint (or saddle joint)
56
what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial plane joint
57
what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
ball and socket
58
foramen found between superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments
foramen of Weitbrecht
59
ligaments of the glenohumeral joint
- glenohumeral ligament - coracohumeral ligament - transverse humeral
60
what bones composes the shoulder girdle?
clavicle and scapula
61
what plays an important role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint
rotator cuff muscles
62
what comprises the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres - Greater tubercle Subscapularis - lesser tubercle

ANA LEC (5 decks)

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