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ANA LEC > Q2 VISCERA OF NECK AND UE > Flashcards

Q2 VISCERA OF NECK AND UE Flashcards

1
Q

organs of the neck that are part of the endocrine glands

A

thyroid gland and parathyroid gland

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2
Q

organ of the neck that is also an organ for respiration

A

trachea

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3
Q

organ of the neck that is part of the GI tract

A

esophagus

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4
Q

consists of right and left lobes and isthmus

A

thyroid gland

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5
Q

THYROID GLAND: location/landmark of isthmus

A

2nd to 4th tracheal rings

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6
Q

THYROID GLAND: location/landmark of apex of lobe

A

up to oblique line of lamina of thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

THYROID GLAND: location/landmark of base of lobe

A

4th to 5th tracheal rings

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8
Q

THYROID GLAND: right and left lobes are joined by what?

A

isthmus

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9
Q

location of the thyroid gland

A

anterior of the neck below the thyroid cartilage / larynx

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10
Q

a butterfly shaped organ

A

thyroid gland

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11
Q

THYROID GLAND: lobe that comes out of isthmus (more on the left)

A

pyramidal lobe

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12
Q

THYROID GLAND: muscle of the pyramidal lobe; connects pyramidal lobe to hyoid

A

levator glandulae thyroideae

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13
Q

function of thyroid gland

A

secretes hormones that are responsible for the body’s metabolism

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14
Q

what are the muscles in front of thyroid (anterolateral)?

A
  1. sternohyoid
  2. sternothyroid
  3. superior belly of omohyoid
  4. anterior 2/3 of sternocleidomastoid
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15
Q

what are the muscles in posterior to thyroid?

A
  1. superior and inferior parathyroid gland
  2. anastomosis of inferior and superior thyroid artery
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16
Q

what are the muscles medial to thyroid?

A
  1. larynx
  2. pharynx
  3. trachea
  4. esophagus
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17
Q

what are the muscles in lateral to thyroid (posterolateral)?

A
  1. carotid sheath with common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve.
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18
Q

Thyroid gland blood supply: Where does the thyroid gland receive blood from (Arterial)?

A
  1. superior thyroid artery
  2. inferior thyroid artery
  3. thyroidea ima
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19
Q

Thyroid gland blood supply: Veins 9counterpart veins)?

A
  1. superior thyroid
  2. inferior thyroid
  3. middle thyroid
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20
Q

What occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine? (Can accelerate your body’s metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat.)

A

hyperthyroidism

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21
Q

Hormones released by thyroid gland

A
  1. thyroxine (T3)
  2. triiodothyronine (T4)
  3. thyrocalcitonin
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22
Q

THYROID GLAND: hormone released that increases metabolic activity in body cells

A

thyroxine and triiodothyronine

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23
Q

THYROID GLAND: hormone released that are produced by parafollicular cells that lower levels of blood calcium

A

thyrocalcitonin

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23
Q

THYROID GLAND: hormone released that are produced by parafollicular cells that lower levels of blood calcium

A

thyrocalcitonin

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24
Q

organ of the neck region that is a small ovoid and comes in pairs (2 on the left lobe and 2 on the right lobe)

A

parathyroid gland

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25
Q

what part of the parathyroid gland has a fixed location and is found at the middle of the posterior border of the thyroid gland?

A

superior parathyroid gland

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26
Q

what part of the parathyroid gland has varying locations but are usually found close to the inferior pole of thyroid gland?

A

inferior parathyroid glands

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27
Q

blood supply of the parathyroid gland

A
  1. superior and inferior thyroid arteries
  2. venous drainage into superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins
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28
Q

lymph drainage of parathyroid gland

A

deep cervical and paratracheal lymph nodes

29
Q

nerve supply of parathyroid gland

A

superior and middle cervical sympathetic ganglia

30
Q

FUN FACT: in rebuilding bones, which cells are responsible for the removing/ taking out of dead bone cells?

A

osteoclasts

31
Q

FUN FACT: in rebuilding bones, which cells are responsible for building new cell bones (b = build)?

A

osteoblasts

32
Q

hormone released by the parathyroid gland

A

parathyroid hormone

33
Q

what are the functions of the parathyroid gland?

A
  1. stimulates osteoclastic activities in bone causing mobilization of bone calcium and increase calcium level in blood
  2. stimulates absorption of calcium from small intestine and reabsorption of calcium from tubules of kidneys
  3. decrease reabsorption of phosphate in kidney
34
Q

what triggers the release of the parathyroid hormone?

A

when body senses that the calcium level in the blood is low. (calcium level in the blood controls the secretion of parathyroid hormone)

35
Q

what hormone will be put at work if calcium level is too high (will lower blood calcium) ?

A

thyrocalcitonin (from thyroid gland)

36
Q

what hormone will be put at work if calcium level is too low? (will raise blood calcium) ?

A

parathyroid hormone (from parathyroid gland)

37
Q

what organ of the viscera of neck is mobile cartilaginous and is a membranous tube?

A

trachea

38
Q

what is the location of the start of the trachea (continuation of larynx)?

A

at level of cricoid, lower border of C6

39
Q

what is the location of the end of trachea?

A

Carina; division of the trachea to principal bronchus

40
Q

TRACHEA: level of sternal angle of Louis?

A

between the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae

41
Q

what are the structures ANTERIOR to the trachea?

A
  1. Skin, fascia
  2. jugular arch
  3. isthmus of thyroid (2nd to 4th tracheal rings)
  4. thyroidea ima
  5. inferior thyroid vein
  6. L bracheo cephalic v
  7. sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles
42
Q

how many thoracic vertebras are there?

A

12

43
Q

what are the series of structures mediating the trachea (what structure does air pass thru when you breathe)?

A

larynx –> trachea –> bronchus –> alveoli

44
Q

what are the structures POSTERIOR to the trachea?

A
  1. esophagus
  2. right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves
45
Q

what are the structures LATERAL to the trachea?

A
  1. Lobes of thyroid gland
  2. carotid sheath and contents
46
Q

trachea is made up of what?

A

U shaped cartilaginous bars of hyaline

47
Q

Posterior of trachea is free.

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

48
Q

Muscle that connects the free end of the trachea (found at the end of the U)?

A

trachealis muscle

49
Q

What type of muscle is the trachealis muscle?

A

smooth muscle

50
Q

what innervates the trachealis muscle?

A

autonomic nervous system

51
Q

what is the use of trachealis muscle?

A

responsible for constricting and dilating the trachea

52
Q

blood supply of the trachea

A
  1. inferior thyroid arteries (upper 2/3 of trachea)
  2. bronchial arteries (lower third)
53
Q

nerve supply of trachea

A

sensory supply from vagal branches and recurrent laryngeal nerve

54
Q

lymph drainage of trachea

A

drains to pretracheal and paratracheal nodes

55
Q

where does the food pass through?

A

mouth -> pharynx -> esophagus (C6) -> diaphragm -> esophageal opening -> stomach

56
Q

what is the hole on the diaphragm?

A

esophageal opening

57
Q

is esophagus a muscular organ?

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

58
Q

how long is the tubular structure of the esophagus?

A

10 inches (starts at cricoid and ends in T10)

59
Q

what is the location of the esophagus?

A

continuous above with the laryngeal part of the pharynx opposite 6th cervical vertebrae and passes diaphragm at level of 10th thoracic vertebra to join stomach

60
Q

what structures are ANTERIOR to the esophagus?

A
  1. trachea
  2. recurrent laryngeal nerve
61
Q

what structures are POSTERIOR to the esophagus?

A
  1. prevertebral layer of the cervical fascia; and vertebral column and longgus colli
62
Q

what structures are LATERAL to the esophagus?

A

thyroid gland (lobe) and carotid sheath

63
Q

blood supply of esophagus

A
  1. inferior thyroid artery
  2. inferior thyroid vein
64
Q

constriction of the esophagus

A
  1. where the pharynx joins the upper end (level of cricoid)
  2. where aortic arch and left bronchus cross the anterior surface
  3. where it passes thru the diaphragm into the stomach (esophageal opening at T10)
65
Q

first to ossify and most prone/commonly fractured

A

clavicle

66
Q

location of scapula

A

2nd to 7th ribs

67
Q

landmark of crest of spinous process

A

T3

68
Q

landmark of superior angle of scapula

A

T2

69
Q

landmark of inferior angle of scapula

A

T7

ANA LEC (5 decks)

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