LE AND GLEUTAL REGION Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of the lower extremity
A
- support weight of the body
- produce locomotion
2
Q
The three hip bones
A
- Ilium
- Pubis
- Ischium
3
Q
What does the hip bones form
A
- forms the lower limb girdle
- forms the anterolateral wall of pelvis
4
Q
Meeting point of the three hip bones
A
Acetabulum
5
Q
Articulations of the three hip bones
A
- Sacrum
- Anterior = symphysis pubis (where 2 pubos body meets)
- Posterior = sacroiliac joint (where sacrum and ilium meet)
6
Q
At what side is the acetabulum located
A
Lateral side ALWAYS
7
Q
The largest bone of all three hip bones
A
Ilium
8
Q
Structures that form the ilium
A
- Iliac crest
- Iliac tubercle
- Anterior Superior Iliac spine (ASIS)
- Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
- Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)
- Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)
- Greater Sciatic Notch
9
Q
iliac crest
A
- upper flattened portion of the ilium
- highest point of ilium
10
Q
location of iliac crest
A
- level of L4
- ends at ASIS and PSIS
11
Q
iliac tubercle location
A
- 2 inches behind ASIS (felt anteriorly)
12
Q
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
A
- below ASIS
13
Q
Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine
A
- below PSIS; S2
- dimple above butt??
14
Q
Greater sciatic notch
A
- above and behind acetabulum
- level of ilium
- becomes a foramen (greater and lesser sciatic foramina) when ligaments (sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments) are attached to it
15
Q
ISCHIUM
A
- more bulky and thick than pubis
- more on posterior side
- L-shaped
16
Q
structures that form the ischium
A
- ischial tuberosity
- ischial spine
- obturator foramen
- ischial ramus
17
Q
ischial tuberosity
A
- site of attachment for hamstrings
- felt during sitting tall
- “sit bone”
- large roughened area
- forms posterior aspect of lower part of body of the bone
18
Q
ischial spine
A
- projects from posterior border
- intervenes between greater and lesser sciatic notch
- site for ligament attachment
- used for measurement of pelvic opening
- if it is too pointed, there is narrow opening for delivery of baby
19
Q
obturator foramen
A
- “hole”
- opening for nerves/ blood vessels
- formed by ischium and pubis
- filled by obturator membrane
20
Q
ischial ramus
A
- point of connection with inferior ramus of pubis
- lower thinner part
21
Q
pubis
A
- thinner and smaller compared to ischium
- more anterior
- can be divided into: body, superior ramus, inferior ramus
22
Q
symphysis pubis
A
- bodies of 2 pubic bones meet/ articulate with each other at midline anteriorly
- cartilaginous joint
23
Q
superior ramus
A
joins the ilium and ischium at acetabulum
24
Q
inferior ramus
A
joins ischial ramus below the obturator foramen
25
pubic crest
- forms upper border of the body of the pubis
- ends laterally at pubic tubercle
26
acetabulum
- outer surface
- deep depression
- > 2/5 ischium (lower and side; forms majority)
- < 2/5 ilium (upper boundary)
- 1/5 pubis (midline)
- structures: acetabular notch & acetabular fossa
27
acetabular notch
- inferior margin
- circular non-articular depression of acetabular fossa
28
acetabular fossa
- horseshoe shaped
- articulation of femoral head
29
sacrum
- five rudimentary vertebrae fused together
30
articulations of the sacrum
- upper border = L5
- inferior border = coccyx
- lateral = 2 iliac bones at the sacroiliac joint (plain joint; gliding)
31
structures of the sacrum
- symphysis pubis
- sacral promontory
- sacral hiatus
- sacral canal
32
sacral promontory
- S1
- anterior and upper margin of S1 that forward
- become the posterior margin of pelvic inlet
33
sacral canal
- formed by vertebral foramina
- contains anterior and posterior roots of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
34
sacral hiatus
- laminae of S5
- sometimes those of 4th, fail to meet at midline
35
coccyx
- tailbone
- 4 vertebrae fused together
- articulates at its base w lower end of sacrum
- consists of bodies only
- first vertebra posses rudimentary transverse process and cornua
36
coccygeal cornua
- remains of the pedicles and superior articular process
- project upward to articulate with sacral cornua
37
femur
- upper end of the femur has a head, a neck, and
greater and lesser trochanters
- When born, about 180 degrees
38
ANGLE OF INCLINATION
Starts to bend when baby starts to stand and walk
39
COXA VARA
- deformity of hip where
angle of inclination is less
than 120 degree
- <120
- Causes: fracture, fibrous
dysplasia, rickets (low vit D),
or traumatic proximal
femoral epiphyseal plate
closure, osteomyelitis,
osteogenesis imperfecta,
Paget’s disease
- Presentation:
* Limb length discrepancy
* Prominent greater
trochanter
* Limitation of abduction
and internal rotation of
the hip
40
COXA VALGA
- deformity of hip where the
angle of inclination is usually
above 135 degrees
- >135
- Causes: normal at birth;
underlying neuromuscular
diseases (cerebral palsy,
spinal muscular atrophy,
polio etc.) or skeletal
diseases (hip dislocation,
arthritis)
- Presentation:
* Limb length discrepancy
(longer)
* Impaired ambulation and
sitting
* Balance secondary to
bilateral adduction
contractures
41
Intertrochanteric line
Connects the two
trochanters; where iliofemoral ligament is
attached; anterior
42
Intertrochanteric crest
Connects the two
trochanters; where iliofemoral ligament is
attached; posterior
43
shaft of femur
- anterior surface = smooth and rounded
- posterior surface = ridge and hollow portion
