Q1: Lecture 2 Flashcards
Garcia, Kimeldorf,& Hager (1972)
did a classical conditioning procedure with rats
US
unconditioned stimulus
UR
unconditioned response
CS
conditioned stimulus
CR
conditioned response
conditioned taste aversion
referred to as the Garcia effect
Garcia effect
provides a compelling illustration of learning that is not gradual and incremental
single-trial-learning
multiple learning experiences are not required to observe the phenomenon, just one conditioning trial is enough
McNamara, Long, & Wike (1956)
conducted an experiment with rats using maze learning
response-free learning
responding is not necessary for learning to occur
Edward Tolman
theorist and researcher; considered the father of cognitive psychology
Tolman & Honzik (1930)
conducted a maze-learning study with rats
latent learning
describe the observation that learning can occur w/o immediate changes in responses
learning/performance distinction
draws attention to the fact that learning involves unobservable changes that occur within the organism
Breland &Breland (1921)
published article “the behaviors of organisms”; the article recounted the failed attempts to train animals using behaviorists learning principles
instinctual drift
animals tended to ignore reinforced behaviors, and instead exhibit inborn, instinctual behavior patterns
Noam Chomsky
wrote a review on Skinners book about language
Clark Hull
imposing figure in the history of behaviorism
drive reduction theory
reinforcement is any stimulus that leads to a reduction in a biological drive state
neobehaviorism
a form of cognitive psychology
intervening variables
being a variable that intervenes between stimulus and response and could not directly observe
B.F. Skinner
stated that the one and only central quality of a reinforcing stimuli is that it got capacity to reinforce behavior
radical behaviorism
stimulus
Levin & Banaji (2006)
response
Tolman, Richie, & Kalish (1946)
