Q1 Exam Flashcards
It is the systematic study of the origin and development, biological, cultural, and social aspects of man.
ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropos means?
man
logos means?
“study“ or “inquiry.“
give an ANTHROPOLOGIST of your choice
FRANZ BOAS (German-American Anthropologists)
Boas is well known for?
Boas is well known for his theory of cultural relativism, which held that all cultures were essentially equal but simply had to be understood in their own terms.
It is the scientific study of the state and politics which deals with the nature, principles, and mechanics of rule, authority, power, and influence.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
give a POLITICAL SCIENTIST of your choice
PLATO
Plato believes that?
Plato believes that conflicting interests of different parts of society can be harmonized.
“the study of human social life, social change, social causes and consequences of human behavior, groups, and society.”
SOCIOLOGY
give a SOCIOLOGIST of your choice
MAX WEBER
Weber’s social action theory holds that?
Weber’s social action theory holds that humans create social reality through the choices they make - they are active, not passive, creators of societies.
Children and adults alike have the tendency to imitate the values, attitudes, language and all other things in their social environment.
Imitation
This may take the form of formal training or informal teaching.
Indoctrination or Suggestion
The values, beliefs, and attitudes of other people are acquired through conditioning.
Conditioning
means that the same culture may take place in two or more different places.
(ex: the domestication of dogs, cats, pigs and other animals may have semblance in other places.)
Parallelism
refers to those behavioral patterns that pass back and forth from one culture to another.
(ex: food and eating practices, marriage and wedding ceremonies, burial rituals, feast celebrations)
Diffusion
takes place when two or more cultures are fused or merged into one culture making it different from the original culture.
Convergence
takes place when people break away from their original culture and start developing a different culture of their own.
Fission
refers to the process wherein individuals incorporate the behavioral patterns of other cultures into their own either voluntarily or by force.
Acculturation
occurs when the culture of a larger society is adopted by a smaller society, that smaller society assumes some of the culture of the larger society or cost society.
Assimilation
occurs when the larger society and smaller society are able to respect and tolerate each other’s culture even if there is already a prolonged contact of each other’s culture
Accommodation
EVOLUTION OF MAN
Charles Darwin
It is a natural process of biological changes occurring in a population across successive generations.
EVOLUTION
Refers to the changes modification and variation in the genetics and inherited traits of biological populations from one generation to another.
BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
Refers to the changes in development in cultures from a simple form to a more complex form of human culture.
CULTURAL EVOLUTION
Human mind at birth is nothing but a blank slate
JOHN LOCKE - Tabula Rasa
Self is not there at birth
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
Refers to the lifelong process of social interaction through which people acquire their identities and necessary survival skills in society.
SOCIALIZATION
See socialization as an interactive process between individuals and other members of society.
INTERPRETIVIST SOCIOLOGIST
enumerate the agents of socialization and enculturation
- the family
- schools
- peer groups
- mass media
- religion and state
- major social and historical events
consider crime and deviance as the result of structural tensions and lack of moral regulation within society.
STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONALIST FRAMEWORK
argues that the tensions and strains between socially-approved goals and an individual’s ability to meet them will lead to deviance.
STRUCTURAL STRAIN THEORY
points the emergence of deviant behavior within certain groups in society or subcultures.
SUBCULTURAL VIEW
considers deviance as a socially constructed phenomenon influenced largely by interpersonal relationships between members of society.
SYMBOLIC-INTERACTIONIST VIEW
believes that there is actually no deviance in society; deviance only emerges when society begins labeling certain actions as deviant or undesirable.
LABELING THEORY
this view considers concepts of deviance as a reflection of society’s inequalities as those who are less powerful in society or minorities are more likely to be considered as deviant or criminals.
(ex:, includes the poor and ethnic or religious minorities.)
CONFLICT PERSPECTIVES
if society is unable to maintain control and order, it encourages members to engage in deviant behavior.
CONTROL THEORIES
suggests a direct relationship between social disorder and deviance, and that maintaining even an appearance of order is sufficient to discourage deviance.
BROKEN WINDOWS THEORY
legal, social, and ethical principles that consider the human person as deserving of liberties and protections by virtue of his or her human dignity.
HUMAN RIGHTS
what is anthropology?
it is the systematic study of the origin and development, biological, cultural, and social aspects of man
what is sociology?
the study of human social life, social change, social causes, and consequences of human behavior, groups, and society
what is political science?
it is the scientific study of the state and politics which deals with nature, principles, and mechanics of rule, authority, power, and influence
