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Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics > Lesson 5 > Flashcards

Lesson 5 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

It refers to the division of large social groups into smaller groups based on categories determined by economics

A

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

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2
Q

This refers to the process by which individuals are cut off from full involvement in the wider circles of society.

A

SOCIAL EXCLUSION

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3
Q

2 SYSTEMS OF STRATIFICATION

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  • CLOSED SYSTEMS
  • OPEN SYSTEMS
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4
Q

based on achievement, allowing more flexibility in social roles, increased social mobility, and better interaction among social groups and classes.

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OPEN SYSTEMS

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5
Q

impose rigid boundaries between social groups and limit interactions among members who belong to different social groups or occupy different levels in the society hierarchy.

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CLOSED SYSTEMS

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6
Q

These are closed stratification systems because people are unable to change their social standing

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A

CASTE SYSTEMS

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7
Q

It is a stratification system based on the ownership of resources and the individual’s occupation or profession

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CLASS SYSTEM

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8
Q

Marriage between people who come from different social classes

A

EXOGAMOUS

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9
Q

Marriage between people from the same social class

A

ENDOGAMOUS

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10
Q

Another system of stratification that is determined by personal effort and merit.

A

MERITOCRACY

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11
Q

The functionalist perspective examines how the different aspects of society contribute to ensuring its stability and continued function.

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FUNCTIONALISM

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12
Q

Who introduced The Davis-Moore Hypothesis and what year?

A

Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore in 1945

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13
Q

Takes a critical view of social stratification and considers society as benefitting only a small segment.

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CONFLICT THEORY

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14
Q

It refrains from looking into the larger structural factors that define social stratification and contribute to inequality and poverty

A

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONALISM

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15
Q

It refers to buying certain products to make a social statement about status.

A

THEORY OF CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION

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16
Q
  • It is the ability of individuals or groups to change their positions within a social stratification system.
  • It also refers to how individuals progress from a lower to a higher social class, or even how individuals lose their status and occupy a much lower social
    position in society

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SOCIAL MOBILITY

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17
Q

It refers to an upward movement in social class.

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UPWARD MOBILITY

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18
Q
  • It refers to the lowering of an individual’s social class.
  • This may be brought about by economic setbacks, unemployment, illness, and dropping out of school.

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DOWNWARD MOBILITY

19
Q

It focuses on the experience of people who belong to the same generation

A

INTRAGENERATIONAL MOBILITY

20
Q

It refers to the changes in social standing experienced by individuals belonging to different generations.

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INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY

21
Q

These are large-scale changes in society can result in the improvement or decline of the conditions and status of a large group of people.

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STRUCTURAL MOBILITY

22
Q

Derived from the inequalities brought about by the possession and control of resources, as well as access to opportunities for education and employment.

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SOCIAL CLASSES

23
Q

An essential characteristic based on the economic structure of society.

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CLASS

24
Q

As the esteem or social honor given to certain individuals or groups

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STATUS

25
Q

Usually composed of the rich, well-born, powerful, or a combination of these.

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UPPER CLASS

26
Q

It refers to a group of people who fall socioeconomically between the lower and upper classes.

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MIDDLE CLASS

27
Q

It refers to those employed in low-paying wage jobs with very little economic security

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LOWER CLASS

28
Q

It refers to the segment of society that is not only affected by poverty but is also subject to social exclusion.

A

UNDERCLASS

29
Q

It refers to the lack of basic resources like food, clean water, safe housing, and access to health care needed to maintain a quality lifestyle.

A

ABSOLUTE POVERTY

30
Q

It applies to those who may be able to obtain basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living compared to the rest of
society.

A

RELATIVE POVERTY

31
Q

It is a type of poverty that is defined by how an individual evaluates his or her actual income against his or her expectations and perceptions.

A

SUBJECTIVE POVERTY

32
Q

It refers to specific tasks and behaviors expected of a person by virtue of his or her sex.

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GENDER ROLE

33
Q

It is another important concept which refers to how a person identifies himself or herself as belonging to a particular gender.

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A

GENDER IDENTITY

34
Q
  • It refers to the socially sanctioned and systematic domination of males over
    females, and this is expressed in various aspects of society.
  • EX: Men are traditionally recognized head of the family and when couples
    are married, the woman usually takes on the family name of her husband.

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PATRIARCHY

35
Q

Explain gender inequality in terms of social and cultural attitudes.

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LIBERAL FEMINISTS

36
Q

Men are responsible for the exploitation of women through patriarchy.

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RADICAL FEMINISTS

37
Q

Identifies factors such as class and ethnicity, in addition to gender, as essential for understanding the oppression experienced by non-white women.

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BLACK FEMINISTS

38
Q

It refers to a group of people who are common ancestry.

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RACE

39
Q

It refers to a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the interior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.

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RACISM

40
Q

It refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis, highlighting patterns of social inequality ang resulting in people having vastly different lifestyles and opportunities both within any and among the nations of the world.

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GLOBAL STRATIFICATION

41
Q

Claims that cultural and institutional barriers to development explain poverty in low-income countries.

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MARKET-ORIENTED THEORIES

42
Q

Claim that global poverty is the result of exploitation or poor countries by wealthy ones, thereby creating a cycle of dependence

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DEPENDENCY THEORIES

43
Q

Focuses on the relationship among the core, peripheral, and semi peripheral countries in the global economy

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WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY

44
Q

Emphasize the role of governments in fostering economic development

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STATE-CENTERED THEORIES

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (11 decks)

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