Lesson 5 Flashcards
It refers to the division of large social groups into smaller groups based on categories determined by economics
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
This refers to the process by which individuals are cut off from full involvement in the wider circles of society.
SOCIAL EXCLUSION
2 SYSTEMS OF STRATIFICATION
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- CLOSED SYSTEMS
- OPEN SYSTEMS
based on achievement, allowing more flexibility in social roles, increased social mobility, and better interaction among social groups and classes.
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OPEN SYSTEMS
impose rigid boundaries between social groups and limit interactions among members who belong to different social groups or occupy different levels in the society hierarchy.
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CLOSED SYSTEMS
These are closed stratification systems because people are unable to change their social standing
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CASTE SYSTEMS
It is a stratification system based on the ownership of resources and the individual’s occupation or profession
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CLASS SYSTEM
Marriage between people who come from different social classes
EXOGAMOUS
Marriage between people from the same social class
ENDOGAMOUS
Another system of stratification that is determined by personal effort and merit.
MERITOCRACY
The functionalist perspective examines how the different aspects of society contribute to ensuring its stability and continued function.
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FUNCTIONALISM
Who introduced The Davis-Moore Hypothesis and what year?
Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore in 1945
Takes a critical view of social stratification and considers society as benefitting only a small segment.
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CONFLICT THEORY
It refrains from looking into the larger structural factors that define social stratification and contribute to inequality and poverty
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONALISM
It refers to buying certain products to make a social statement about status.
THEORY OF CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION
- It is the ability of individuals or groups to change their positions within a social stratification system.
- It also refers to how individuals progress from a lower to a higher social class, or even how individuals lose their status and occupy a much lower social
position in society
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SOCIAL MOBILITY
It refers to an upward movement in social class.
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UPWARD MOBILITY
- It refers to the lowering of an individual’s social class.
- This may be brought about by economic setbacks, unemployment, illness, and dropping out of school.
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DOWNWARD MOBILITY
It focuses on the experience of people who belong to the same generation
INTRAGENERATIONAL MOBILITY
It refers to the changes in social standing experienced by individuals belonging to different generations.
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INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY
These are large-scale changes in society can result in the improvement or decline of the conditions and status of a large group of people.
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STRUCTURAL MOBILITY
Derived from the inequalities brought about by the possession and control of resources, as well as access to opportunities for education and employment.
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SOCIAL CLASSES
An essential characteristic based on the economic structure of society.
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CLASS
As the esteem or social honor given to certain individuals or groups
STATUS
Usually composed of the rich, well-born, powerful, or a combination of these.
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UPPER CLASS
It refers to a group of people who fall socioeconomically between the lower and upper classes.
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MIDDLE CLASS
It refers to those employed in low-paying wage jobs with very little economic security
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LOWER CLASS
It refers to the segment of society that is not only affected by poverty but is also subject to social exclusion.
UNDERCLASS
It refers to the lack of basic resources like food, clean water, safe housing, and access to health care needed to maintain a quality lifestyle.
ABSOLUTE POVERTY
It applies to those who may be able to obtain basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living compared to the rest of
society.
RELATIVE POVERTY
It is a type of poverty that is defined by how an individual evaluates his or her actual income against his or her expectations and perceptions.
SUBJECTIVE POVERTY
It refers to specific tasks and behaviors expected of a person by virtue of his or her sex.
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GENDER ROLE
It is another important concept which refers to how a person identifies himself or herself as belonging to a particular gender.
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GENDER IDENTITY
- It refers to the socially sanctioned and systematic domination of males over
females, and this is expressed in various aspects of society. - EX: Men are traditionally recognized head of the family and when couples
are married, the woman usually takes on the family name of her husband.
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PATRIARCHY
Explain gender inequality in terms of social and cultural attitudes.
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LIBERAL FEMINISTS
Men are responsible for the exploitation of women through patriarchy.
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RADICAL FEMINISTS
Identifies factors such as class and ethnicity, in addition to gender, as essential for understanding the oppression experienced by non-white women.
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BLACK FEMINISTS
It refers to a group of people who are common ancestry.
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RACE
It refers to a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the interior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.
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RACISM
It refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis, highlighting patterns of social inequality ang resulting in people having vastly different lifestyles and opportunities both within any and among the nations of the world.
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GLOBAL STRATIFICATION
Claims that cultural and institutional barriers to development explain poverty in low-income countries.
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MARKET-ORIENTED THEORIES
Claim that global poverty is the result of exploitation or poor countries by wealthy ones, thereby creating a cycle of dependence
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DEPENDENCY THEORIES
Focuses on the relationship among the core, peripheral, and semi peripheral countries in the global economy
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WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY
Emphasize the role of governments in fostering economic development
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STATE-CENTERED THEORIES
