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ID Boards > Q Set C > Flashcards

Q Set C Flashcards

1
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A
  • dog tapeworm (goats intermed hosts)
  • CYSTS in liver or lungs
  • rupture cyst d/t trauma –> anaphylaxis
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2
Q

Anisakis

A
  • raw or undercooked fish
  • F, abd pain, V, diarrhea
  • larvae burrow into gastric or SI mucosa (can be removed during endoscopy)
  • can get allergic rxn to worm
  • freezing prevents inf but not allergy
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3
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

A
  • filarial nematode- “River Blindness”
  • itching, subcutaneous nodules (shin, forehead), blindness
  • W & centrla AFrica
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4
Q

Tularemia

A

-pneumonia, rapid onset, pleural involvement, temp-pulse disparity, neg stains, normal WBC
-inhalation of infected rodents - wild game, handlers, muskrats, beavers, rabbits, squirrels
(less sick than plague pna)

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5
Q

BK virus nephropathy dx

A

-renal biopsy: basophilic inclusions

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6
Q

Erythema nodosum leprosum

A
  • complication during 1st yr of tx

- tx: thalidomide

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7
Q

Gastroenteritis outbreaks at recreational water parks

A

Cryptosporidium

resistant to chlorine

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8
Q

Brucella suis

A
  • wild swine hunting
  • fever, myalgias
  • incubation = weeks
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9
Q

Cirrhosis & UGIB

A
  • need ppx abx before endoscopy

- 7 days IV ctx, ideally before endoscopy

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10
Q

Rabies

A
  • given PEP regardless of length of delay

- IG (at bite site as much as possible) + vaccine

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11
Q

Mesenteric adenitis

A
  • looks like appendicitis clinically, but appendix is normal

- Yersinia

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12
Q

Strep gallolyticus

A

-assoc w underlying bowel disease (colon cancer, strongy) so consider colonoscopy

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13
Q

Diphylidium caninum

A
  • dog tapeworm

- fleas

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14
Q

Early lyme disease tx

A

-10-14 days doxy; no need to extend even if still symptomatic at the end

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15
Q

Gastric syphilis

A
  • can be part of secondary syphilis

- large ulcers, multiple; epigastric pain, treponemes on silver stain biopsy

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16
Q

Roseola

A
  • HHV-6; Sixth disease

- infants: high fever then rash or febrile seizures without rash

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17
Q

Rabies

A
  • never too late to give PEP

- vaccine + RIG (bc takes wks for vaccine to kick in)

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18
Q

Helminths causing BILIARY disease

A
  • Ascaris

- liver flukes: Fasciola, Clonorchis, Opisthorchis

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19
Q

CSF shunt infection

A

remove shunt, external drainage, re-shunt when cultures are negative

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20
Q

PJI tx

A
  • 2 stage: remove device, debride, 2-6 wks of treatment, reimplant new device
  • (but depends on age and stability of implants, duration of infection, surrounding soft tissue, organism)
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21
Q

Specificity

A

TN / (TN+FP)

= proportion of UNinfected patients who did NOT have a positive result

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22
Q

Severe HF in endocarditis

A

-immediate surgery even if still bacteremic

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23
Q

Splenic abscess in endocarditis

A

-indication for immediate splenectomy (unless too unstable –> drainage)

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24
Q
  • epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pain, inflam, F, LAD)

- outbreaks at camps

A

Adenovirus

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25
Q

Lofgren’s syndrome

A
  • form of sarcoidosis: triad:
  • hilar lymphadenopathy
  • skin nodules (EN)
  • +/- migratory arthritis
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26
Q

Herpes gladiatorum

A
  • vesicular herpes lesions seen in wrestlers & rugby players
  • traumatic skin to skin contact
  • head, neck, arms
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27
Q

chocolate agar

A

N gonorrhoeae
H influenzae
F tularensis

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28
Q

requires cysteine

A

Francisella tularensis

L pneumophila

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29
Q

BCYE agar (buffered charcoal yeast extract)

A

Francisella tularensis

Legionalla pneumophila

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30
Q

Regan Lowe & Bordet-Gengou media

A

Bordetella pertussis

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31
Q

Campy agar

A

Campylobacter

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32
Q

Fletcher’s medium

A

Leptospira

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33
Q

MacConkey agar

A

Gram neg rods

34
Q

Shigella

A
  • secondary spread person to person
  • day cares, residential centers, food borne outbreaks
  • needs only few orgs
  • usually F
35
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

-can transmit person to person, but needs larger # orgs than Shigella

36
Q

Entamoeba histolytica dx

A
  • stool Ag assay

- Gal/GalNac lectin

37
Q

RSV tx

A

supportive

-contact precautions

38
Q

Parinaud’s syndrome

A
  • unilateral conjunctivitis, preauricular LAD

- causes: bartonella, tularemia, sporotrichosis, adeno, chlamydia, sarcoid

39
Q

SJS

A

<10%

40
Q

TEN

A

> 30% BSA

41
Q

Chickenpox PEP

A
  • vaccine to most people

- VZIG to susceptible pregnant women or IC

42
Q

Erythema multiforme

A
  • skin + mucous membrane lesions

- Mycoplasma, HSV

43
Q

Acute orchitis

A
  • often viral (ex. mumps after parotitis)

- if bacterial: urinary org + fever

44
Q

MRSA gene

A

-mecA gene encodes protein PBP 2a

45
Q

PID tx

A

doxy + metro + ctx

46
Q

Trichomonas tx

A

7d metro + treat partners

2nd line - tinidazole 2g x1

47
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

conjunctivitis, hyperkeratotic lesions on palms + soles, sausage digits, oral ulcers, nail changes, arthritis (asym)
-assoc w: Chlamydia (treat), Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, Campy, HLA B27

48
Q

Pubic lice

A
  • body louse

- tx: permethrin cream

49
Q

C diff dx

A

PCR + EIA for toxin

50
Q

Flu live vaccine

A

2-49yo non pregnant people

51
Q

Lyme PEP

A
  • doxy x1

- within 72 hrs of tick removal

52
Q

Dengue

A
  • incub: 3-14day (shorter than malaria)
  • Aedes mosquito; daytime
  • fever then rash, thrombo, leukopenia, HA, retro orbital pain
  • severe: hemorrhagic fever
53
Q

Nonpurulent cellulitis tx

A

1st line: cephalexin

54
Q

Hot tub folliculitis

A
  • pseudomonas
  • also otitis externa
  • no abx needed
55
Q

cat scratch disease

A
  • bartonella henselae
  • regional LAD + necrotizing granulomas + abscesses
  • papule at site of scratch
56
Q

Daycare center diarrhea outbreaks

A

Giardia

57
Q

Healthy person with diarrhea >2 wks ddx

A

Giardia, Cyclospora, Amoeba, post-inf irritable bowel

58
Q

Scombroid

A

histamine overgrowth - facial flushing, palp, N, sweating, D

59
Q

Ciguatera

A
  • tropical fish, dinoflagellate toxins

- abd pain, N, D then later neuro sx: painful teeth, hot/cold temp reversal, paresthesias

60
Q

Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning

A
  • assoc w red tides, shellfish

- similar to ciguatera

61
Q

HSV hepatitis

A
  • marked LFT elevations in pregnant or IC
  • usually no active signs of HSV
  • (also consider adeno)
62
Q

Sulfadiazine AE

A
  • crystal induced interstitial nephritis, obstruction from crystals, calculi
  • used for toxo tx
63
Q

Renal crystals from meds

A
  • sulfadiazine
  • acyclovir
  • atazanavir
64
Q

Alcoholic hepatitis

A

AST:ALT 2:1

-both <500

65
Q

Behcet’s disease

A
  • recurrent painful oral & genital ulcers; eye or skin lesions, pathergy, aseptic meningitis
  • Asia, East Mediterranean
  • tx: colchicine
66
Q

Sweet’s syndrome

A
  • assoc with AML, IBD
  • abrupt painless (can be tender) papules/plaques around face/extremities, F then rash
  • bx: neutrophilic dermal infiltrates
67
Q

Ecthyma gangrenosum

A
  • necrotic skin lesions
  • Pseudomonas, Fusarium
  • neutropenic patients
68
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum

A
  • assoc with IBD

- ulcers with undermined borders, subacute, no fever

69
Q

Paralytic shellfish poisoning

A
  • dinoflagellates in clams/mussels
  • assoc with non commericially harvested (bc no testing); not destroyed by freezing
  • parasthesias around mouth/extremities –> paralysis –> risk of resp failure
70
Q

Baylisascaris

A
  • eosinophilic meningitis
  • eggs in racoon feces
  • often kids
71
Q

Guillain Barre

A
  • ascending paralysis

- Campy, CMV, EBV, HIV, zika

72
Q

Tetanus ppx

A
  • if previously vaccinated, doesn’t need IG, just Td

- Tdap with each pregnancy

73
Q

Plasmodium vivax

A
  • need terminal tx with primaquine or tafenoquine (active against hepatic hypnozoites)
  • SE Asia
74
Q

Pharyngeal gonorrhea

A
  • ctx

- test of cure in 1-2 wks, re-screen in 3 mo

75
Q

Adenovirus in HSCT

A
  • sx: pna, colitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, nephritis, enceph, dissem dz
  • RF: T cell depleted graft, GVHD
76
Q

NNT

A

NNT = 1 / (incidence in UNexposed - incid in exposed)

77
Q

Hazard ratio

A

HR = (1/prev UNexposed) / (1/prev exposed)

78
Q

PPIs & ART

A
  • avoid rilpivirine + unboosted atazanavir

- if ata boosted –> space 12 hrs apart

79
Q

Temperature-pulse disparity

A

Coxiella, Mycoplasma, Tularemia, Legionella

80
Q

Q fever

A
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • pna + hepatitis, thrombocytopenia
  • inhalation of infected aerosols from cattle/goats/sheep/cats/dogs/rabbits
  • placenta
  • incub: 3 wks (longer than legionella)

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