Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3rd year_Neurology > Q-Bank > Flashcards

Q-Bank Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of spinal cord lesion?

A

UMN lesion signs – spasticity, hyperreflexia, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Signs of peripheral nerve lesion?

A

LMN signs – lack of muscle tone/bulk, hyporeflexia, fasciculations

Sensory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Signs of muscle fiber lesion?

A

Lack of bulbar symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Myasthenia Gravis Sx?

A
  • Extra-ocular muscle weakness (diplopia, pstosis)
  • Symmetrical, PROXIMAL weakness of extremities (UPPER more than lower), neck (flexors/extensors), & bulbar muscles (dysarthria, dysphagia)

** usually have NORMAL reflexes, muscle bulk/tone, & autonomic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ALS – patient population?

A

Typically in men ages 40-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ALS symptoms?

A

Upper & Lower motor neuron signs
- Asymmetric muscle atrophy, bulbar signs, muscle weakness (DISTAL&raquo_space; proximal), hyperreflexia, spasticity, fasciculations

**Usually NO sensory or ocular deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Statin-induced myopathy presentation?

A

Proximal muscle weakness & myalgias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Electrolyte abnormality that causes weakness, fatigue, & muscle cramps?

A

Hypokalemia

When severe can lead to paralysis & arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypokalemia – ECG?

A

U waves, broad & flat T waves, & PVCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypokalemia-induced myopathy – presentation?

A

Muscle weakness, fatigue, & muscle cramps.
If severe, can lead to paralysis & arrhythmia

ECG shows U waves, broad & flat T waves, & arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How to test respiratory function in GBS?

A

Peak INSPIRATORY pressure
or
Forced Vital Capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dx?

DOuble vision, difficulty chewing, & weak limb muscles worse @ the end of the day

A

Myasthenia Gravis

ACh-antibodies or Edrophonium test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myasthenia Gravis – best initial Tx?

A

Neostigmine or Pyridostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Charcot-Marie Tooth disease – Most accurate test?

A

Electromyography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy – best initial Tx?

A

Pregabalin or Gabapentin

TCAs, Phenytoin, or Carbamazepine are effective in some ppl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bell Palsy – best initial Tx?

A

Prednisone

although 60% of ppl recover w/out therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is re-bleeding common after SAH?

A

In first 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

WHen is vasospasm common after SAH?

A

After 3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Major complications after SAH?

A
  • Rebleeding (first 24 hrs)
  • Vasospasm/infarction (3-10 days after)

Later:

  • Hydrocephalus
  • Seizures
  • Hyponatremia (from SIADH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Benign Positional Vertigo – Sx?

A

Recurrent, acute-onset vertigo that’s precipitated by head movement
– Nystagmus, nausea, & vomiting W/OUT hearing loss or tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Drug that can cause vertigo (sensation of world spinning to-and-fro)?

A

Aminoglycosides (ototoxicity)

    • especially Gentamicin
    • can also cause nephrotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dementia w/ Lewy Bodies – presentation?

A

Parkinsonian movement sx (rigidity, gait)

  • gradually progressive dementia w/ fluctuations in cognitive function
  • Persistent & well-formed visual hallucinations w/ extrapyramidal symptoms

– memory deficits occur later in disease onset, in contrast to Alzheimer’s where they occur early on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

NPH – presentation?

A

Abnormal gait, urinary incontinence, & dementia

– Gait imbalance is most prominent symptom & appears early (broad-based & shuffling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Red flag symptoms for cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Severe headache, bilateral periorbital edema, & CN 3, 4, 5, & 6 deficits

(facial infection can cause this b/c facial/ophthalmic venous system is valveless)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension -- Tx?
1. Acetazolamide (inhibits choroid plexus carbonic anhydrase, decreasing CSF production) - - Furosemide can be added if Sx continue 2. Surgical intervention w/ optic sheath decompression OR lumboperitoneal shunting 3. Serial LP or short term corticosteroids
26
What suggest Embolic vs. Thrombotic stroke?
Embolic = A. fibrillation, endocarditis, Bruits (carotid atherosclerosis) - onset abrupt & maximal at start - multiple infacts w/in multiple diff. territories Thrombotic = risk factors (HTN, HLD, DM) & sx that fluctuate w/ periods of improvement
27
Stroke type? - Symptoms progress over min-hrs - focal neuro sx appear early, followed by features of increased ICP (vomiting, headache, bradycardia, reduced alertness)
Intracranial bleed | SAH = focal sx UNcommon, severe headache at onset, meningeal irritation
28
Spontaneous SAH -- etiologies?
Ruptured saccular ("berry") aneurysm OR AVM
29
Cerebellar hemorrhage -- presentation?
Ataxia, vomiting, occipital headache, gaze palsy, & facial weakness * *there is NO hemiparesis * *Tx = emergent surgical decompression
30
Parkinson's Tremor?
- Bilateral, decreases w/ movement - Usually involves legs & hands *facial involvement LESS common
31
Essential Tremor?
- Bilateral action tremor of hands (usually NO leg involvement) - Possible isolated head tremor w/out dystonia - Usually no other neuro sx & relieved by alcohol
32
Essential Tremor -- Tx?
Propranolol - also can use Primidone or Topiramate (anticonvulsants) - Benzos (not rec'd b/c of dependence)
33
Spinal roots that contribute to the Common Peroneal Nerve that can cause "foot drop"?
L4-S2 **most commonly due to L5 damage
34
Symptoms of Cerebellar dysfunction 2/2 alcohol degeneration?
- Gait instability - Truncal ataxia, - Difficulty w/ rapid, alternating movements - Hypotonia - Intention tremor
35
Dx? - EBV DNA found in CSF - Ring-enhancing lesion on MRI
Primary CNS Lymphoma
36
Acute glaucoma -- Sx?
Sudden onset of photophobia, eye pain, headache, & nausea | - Non-reactive, mid-dilated pupil
37
Acute glaucoma -- best Dx'ic test?
Tonometry -- shows elevated intraocular pressure
38
Hallmark neurologic lesion 2/2 >5min seizure activity?
Cortical laminar necrosis | permanent damage 2/2 excitatory toxicity
39
Shy-Drager Syndrome -- presentation?
"Multiple System Atrophy" - - Parkinsonism - - Autonomic dysfunction (abnormal sweating/salivation/lacrimation, incontinence, postural hypotension, etc.) - - Widespread neurologic signs (cerebellar, pyramidal, LMN)
40
Cluster headache -- prophylaxis?
Verapamil
41
Abortive Therapy for migraines?
Ergotamine or one of the Triptans
42
Abortive Therapy for Cluster headaches?
- Ergotamines or Triptans | - 100% oxygen, prednisone, & lithium
43
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy -- clinical features of muscle weakness?
Muscle weakness is progressive, symmetric, & starts in childhood - - PROXIMAL muscles primarily affected (pelvic girdle) - - Eventually involves respiratory muscles
44
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy -- Tx?
1. Prednisone | 2. Surgery to correct scoliosis
45
Poliomyelitis -- classic presentation?
Asymmetric muscle weakness (legs more commonly involved) - Absent DTRs - Flaccid, atrophic muscles - Normal sensation
46
Meniere's Disease -- Tx?
Sodium restriction & diuretics
47
Central vs. Peripheral vertigo?
Peripheral has more sudden onset & more severe symptoms Central has concurrent neuro sx & worse prognosis (2/2 tumors, etc.)
48
Most common causes of brain abscess from sinuses, mastoids, or middle ear?
- Aerobic & anaerobic Streptococci | - Bacteroides (anaerobic)
49
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease -- presentation?
Older patient (50-70) w/ : - Rapidly progressive dementia - Myoclonus - Sharp (high voltage) wave complexes on EEG **Brain biopsy shows cortical spongiform changes
50
Pathology of Parkinsons?
α-synuclein deposition in Substantia Nigra pars compacta
51
Causes of Torsades de Pointes as Syncope etiology? | long QT-syndrome
- Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Meds that cause prolonged QT interval
52
How does Syncope present when it's due to valvular heart disease (i.e. aortic stenosis)?
Usually occurs w/ physical activity
53
Amantadine -- AEs?
Ankle edema & Livedo reticularis
54
Bromocriptine, Pramipexole, Ropinirole -- AEs?
- Somnolence, hypotension, & confusion | - Hallucinations (in older patients)
55
Selegilline -- AEs?
Insomnia & confusion (elderly patients) | MOA = MAO-B inhibitor
56
Primidone -- AEs?
Acute intermittent porphyria (abdominal pain, neurologic & psychologic abnormalities) **used as Tx for essential tremor (either this or β-blockers)
57
Trihexyphenidyl -- AEs?
Cholinergic toxicity: | Dry skin, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, flushing, vision changes, confusion
58
Myasthenia crisis -- Tx?
- Intubation (if resp function declining) - Plasmapheresis OR IVIG - Glucocorticoids **usually briefly hold AChE-inhibitors to avoid excess secretions
59
WIll 7th nerve lesions above the Pons cause paralysis of full half of the face or just lower 2/3 of the half involved?
Above Pons = UMN lesion = lower 2/3 paralyzed Below Pons = LMN lesion = full facial hemiparesis
60
Metoclopramide -- AEs?
- Agitation & loose stools - Extra-pyramidal symptoms - rarely: neuroleptic malignant syndrome (MOA: DA-agonist used to increase GI activity, i.e. treat nausea, vomiting, & gastroparesis)
61
Pathology of NPH?
Decreased CSF absorption OR permanent ventricular dilatation that causes periventricular damage
62
Feared complication of pseudotumor cerebri/IIH?
Blindness
63
Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy -- presentation?
Progressive proximal muscle weakness & atrophy w/out pain or tenderness - LOWER extremity muscles are more involved (normal ESR & CK)
64
Inflammatory myopathies -- presentation?
Muscle pain, tenderness, & PROXIMAL muscle weakness - Skin rash & inflammatory arthritis present - ESR & CK elevated
65
Statin-induced myopathy -- presentation?
Muscle pain & tenderness, w/ or w/out weakness - Rare rhabdomyolysis - Elevated CK, normal ESR

3rd year_Neurology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions