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3rd year_Neurology > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Bone just anterior to Pons & Medulla?

A

Clivus

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2
Q

Pituitary fossa is bound by the Anterior & Posterior ______ Processes.

A

Clinoid

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3
Q

Ventricle that sits just posterior to Pons & anterior to Cerebellum?

A

4th Ventricle

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4
Q

Ventricular space btwn 3rd & 4th ventricles?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)

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5
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve main functions?

A
  • Stylopharyngeus muscle (Branchial Motor)
  • Parasympathetics to Parotid gland
  • Sensation from post 1/3 tongue, pharynx, middle ear & region near external auditory meatus
  • Taste from post 1/3 tongue
  • Chemo- & Baro-receptors of Carotid body
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6
Q

Vagus Nerve main functions?

A
  • Pharyngeal muscles (swallowing)
  • Laryngeal muscles (voice)
  • Parasympathetics to heart, lungs, & digestive tract until splenic flexure
  • Sensation from Pharynx, Meninges, & small region near external auditory meatus
  • Taste from Epiglottus & Pharynx
  • Chemo- & Baro-receptors of Aortic Arch
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7
Q

Facial Nerve main functions?

A
  • Muscles of facial expression
  • Stapedius (middle ear muscle, “S”) muscle
  • Digastric muscle
  • Taste (ant. 2/3)
  • Parasympathetics to Lacrimal glands & Submandibular, Submaxillary, & all other salivary glands except parotid
  • Sensation from small region near EAM
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8
Q

Oculomotor Nerve functions?

A
  • Eye movements

- Pupil constriction

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9
Q

Most anterior structure of the Medulla?

A

Pyramids (w/ pyramidal decussation)

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10
Q

2 pairs of bumps on the dorsal surface of Midbrain?

A

Superior Colliculi & Inferior Colliculi

  • together, these form the “tectum” (meaning roof) of the midbrain
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11
Q

What structures form the “Tectum” of the Midbrain?

A

Superior & Inferior Colliculi

Tectum = Roof

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12
Q

What structure form the ventral surface of the midbrain?

A

Cerebral Peduncles – w/ the Interpeduncular Fossa separating them

(contain CST & CB fibers among others)
(“fossa” = shallow depression or hollow)

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13
Q

In the Medulla, what structures lie just lateral (& a bit posterior) to the Pyramids? Is this in the rostral medulla, caudal medulla, or both?

A

Inferior Olivary Nuclei (Olives)

Rostral Medulla only

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14
Q

Where are the Medial & Lateral Geniculate Nuclei w/ respect to the Brainstem?

A

Just Superior-Lateral to the Midbrain

- Inferior to the Thalamus

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15
Q

Caudally, the 4th ventricle empties into the __a__ via the __b__ laterally & the __c__ medially.

A

a) Subarachnoid space
b) Foramina of Luschka (lateral)
c) Foramina of Magendie (midline)

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16
Q

Which CN emerges ventrally from the interpeduncular fossa of the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor Nerve

nucleus is located just anterior to cerebral aqueduct

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17
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the brainstem? (between what 2 structures?)

A

Exits the Medulla ventrally, between the pyramids & inferior olivary nuclei

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18
Q

a) CN 7 exits the cranial cavity via what hole?

b) It then exits the skull to reach muscles of facial expression via what?

A

a) Internal auditory meatus

b) Stylomastoid foramen

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19
Q

CN 8 exits the cranial cavity via what hole?

A

Internal auditory meatus

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20
Q

CN 4 functions?

A

Superior Oblique muscle

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21
Q

CN 6 functions?

A

Lateral Rectus muscle

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22
Q

CN 3 functions?

A
  • Motor to Levator Palpebrae Superior & all extraocular muscles except SO & LR
  • Parasympathetics to pupil constrictor & ciliary muscles for near vision
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23
Q

CN 5 functions?

A
  • Sensation of touch, pain, temp, joint position, & vibration for face, mouth, ant. 2/3 tongue, nasal sinuses, & meninges
  • Muscles of mastication & Tensor Tympani muscle (middle ear muscle, “T”)
24
Q

(VPL) Ventral Posterior Lateral Thalamic Nucleus:

- receives what type of inputs & from where?

A

Posterior Column Nuclei – via Medial Lemniscus – Fine touch & proprioception (body)

Dorsal Horn – via Spinothalamic tract – Crude touch, pain, temperature (body)

25
Q

(VPM) Ventral Posterior Medial Thalamic Nucleus:

- receives what type of inputs & from where?

A

Trigeminal Sensory Nucleus – via Trigeminal Lemniscus – Fine touch, dental pressure (face)

Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus – via Trigeminothalamic tract – Crude touch, pain, temperature (face)

26
Q

Sympathetic Ganglia span which spinal segments?

A

T1 - L2 (or 3)

27
Q

Parasympathetic nerves arise from CNs & which spinal segments?

A

S2 - S4

28
Q

What superficially separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal Fissure

29
Q

Large C-shaped band of white matter that connects homologous areas of the 2 cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

rostrum, genu, body, & splenium

30
Q

What structure surrounds the Corpus Callosum?

A

Cingulate Gyrus

31
Q

Structures on the anterior border of the 4th ventricle?

A
  • Facial Colliculus
  • Hypoglossal Trigone
  • Vagal Trigone

(superior to inferior)

32
Q

Where does the SC gets its blood supply from?

A

Anterior Spinal Artery running along ventral midline
&
Posterior Spinal Arteries running along right & left dorsal surface

33
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Biceps

A

C5, 6

34
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Brachioradialis

A

C6

35
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Triceps

A

C7

36
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Patellar

A

L4

37
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Achilles Tendon

A

S1

38
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Abdominal cutaneous reflexes ABOVE umbilicus

A

T8-10

39
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Abdominal cutaneous reflexes BELOW umbilicus

A

T10-12

40
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Cremasteric reflex

A

L1-L2

41
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Bulbocavernous reflex

A

S2-4

42
Q

Spinal nerve root?

Anal wink

A

S4

43
Q

The Middle Meningeal Artery enters the skull through the ________ & runs in the ______ space.

A
  • Foramen spinosum

- Epidural

44
Q

Which venous sinus runs horizontally across the posterior skull?

A

Transverse Sinus

they meet & travel superiorly along posterior midline as the Superior Sagittal Sinus

45
Q

What is the space called that connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle?

A

Foramen of Monroe

46
Q

Normal volume of CSF in an adult?

A

150 cc

47
Q

What are Cisterns?

A

Areas where the subarachnoid space widens to form larger CSF collections

48
Q

What is the Cistern just inferior to the anterior aspect of the Cerebellum?

A

Cisterna Magna

49
Q

What is the Cistern that sits anterior to the Midbrain?

A

Interpeduncular Cistern (also “fossa”)

50
Q

What is the Cistern that sits anterior to the Pons?

A

Prepontine Cistern

51
Q

In which Cistern is the Cauda Equina?

A

Lumbar Cistern

52
Q

What is Cushing’s Triad? What does it signify?

A
  • HTN, bradycardia, & irregular respirations

- classic sign of elevated ICP

53
Q

Normal adult ICP?

A

Less than 15 mmHg

or 20 cm H2O

54
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries branch from?

A

They are branches of the Subclavian arteries

55
Q

Through what opening do the Vertebral arteries enter the skull?

A

Foramen Magnum

56
Q

Red nuclei – location?

A

Rostral Midbrain, just dorsal to Substantia Nigra

    • Anterior & lateral to CN3 nuclei
    • Posterior & medial to Cerebral peduncles

3rd year_Neurology (8 decks)

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