Neurology Board Review

Question 1

Cortical location for expressive language?

Answer 1

Posterior-inferior frontal lobe

Question 2

Cortical location for receptive language?

Answer 2

Posterior-superior temporal lobe

Question 3

First 3 branches of the Aorta (after the R & L Carotid arteries)?

Answer 3

1. Brachiocephalic Trunk (becomes R. Subclavian & Common Carotid)
2. Left Common Carotid
3. Left Subclavian

Question 4

Which artery/ies supply the Temporal Lobes?

Answer 4

Superior half = MCA

Inferior half = PCA

Question 5

What is “abulia”?

Answer 5

Refers to a lack of will or initiative and can be seen as a disorder of diminished motivation

Question 6

How does 1-sided ACA stroke present?

Answer 6

Both 1/2’s: Contralateral anesthesia, leg > arm hemiparesis, abulia

Dominant: Mutism

Non-dominant: Acute confusional state

(Median frontoparietal region)

Question 7

How does bilateral ACA stroke present?

Answer 7

• Contralateral anesthesia, leg > arm hemiparesis, abulia

- Urinary incontinence, akinetic mutism

Question 8

How does a complete MCA stroke present?

Answer 8

Contralateral hemianesthesia, hemiparesis, hemianopia w/ gaze preference

Dominant hemi: Aphasia & Apraxia

Nondominant hemi: Aprosodia, Hemineglect

Question 9

Superior division of MCA stroke presentation?

Answer 9

Contralateral hemiparesis, expressive aphasia

Lateral Frontal

Question 10

Inferior division of MCA stroke presentation

Answer 10

Contralateral hemianopia, receptive aphasia

Lateral Parietal & Superior Temporal

Question 11

Gerstman Stroke Syndrome – area & presentation?

Answer 11

Area = Dominant hemisphere angular gyrus area

Pres = Agraphia, acalculia, right-left confusion, finger agnosia, ideomotor apraxia

(Angular Gyrus = region of the brain in the Parietal lobe, that lies near the superior edge of the temporal lobe, & immediately posterior to the supramarginal gyru

Question 12

Lacunar Stroke:

Hemiballismus

Answer 12

Hemiballismus

Subthalamic Nucleus (contralateral)

Question 13

Lacunar Stroke:

Hemiparesis w/ prominent ataxia

Answer 13

Ataxic hemiparesis

Corona radiata, Internal Capsule, Basal Ganglia, or Pons
contralateral

Question 14

Lacunar Stroke:

Contralateral dysarthria & upper limb ataxia

Answer 14

Dysarthria–clumsy hand

Corona radiata, Internal Capsule, Basal Ganglia, or Pons
contralateral

Question 15

Brainstem Syndrome:

Ipsilateral oculomotor palsy, contralateral body weakness

Answer 15

Weber

Cerebral peduncle & ventral midbrain (sparing red nucleus and cerebellothalamic tract)

Question 16

Brainstem Syndrome:

Ipsilateral oculomotor palsy, contralateral tremor

Answer 16

Claude

Ventral midbrain & Superior Cerebellar Peduncle (near red nucleus)

Question 17

Brainstem Syndrome:

Ipsilateral oculomotor palsy, contralateral body weakness & tremor

Answer 17

Benedikt

Cerebral peduncle & ventral midbrain (including red nucleus & cerebellothalamic tract)

Question 18

Brainstem Syndrome:

Quadriplegia with bulbar plegia sparing some eye movements

Answer 18

Locked-in

Bilateral Median Pontine

Question 19

Brainstem Syndrome:

Ipsilateral ataxia, contralateral weakness & loss of pain & temperature

Answer 19

Marie-Foix

Lateral Pons

Question 20

Brainstem Syndrome:

Ipsilateral abducens palsy, contralateral hemiparesis

Answer 20

Raymond

Ventral Pons

Question 21

Brainstem Syndrome:

Ipsilateral facial weakness, contralateral body weaknes

Answer 21

Millard Gubler

Middle Pons

Question 22

Brainstem Syndrome:

Ipsilateral lateral gaze palsy and facial weakness

Answer 22

Foville

Dorsal Pons

Question 23

Brainstem Syndrome:

Ipsilateral tongue weakness, contralateral hemiparesis & loss of vibration & proprioception

Answer 23

Dejerine

Medial Medulla

Question 24

Brainstem Syndrome:
Ipsilateral facial sensory loss, Horner’s syndrome, palatal weakness, dysphagia & ataxia
Contralateral body pain & temperature loss

Answer 24

Wallenburg

Lateral Medulla

Question 25

Stroke Syndrome: | Cortical blindness with denial of deficit

Answer 25

Anton Bilateral Occipital

Question 26

Stroke Syndrome: | Oculomotor apraxia, optic ataxia, simultagnosia

Answer 26

Balint Bilateral Parieto-Occipital

Question 27

Stroke Syndrome: | Contralateral face & arm weakness, motor aphasia

Answer 27

Recurrent Artery of Heubner Head of caudate & anterior limb of internal capsule

Question 28

``` Stroke Syndrome: Contralateral hemiparesis (severe), hemianesthesia, hemianopia (uncommonly) ```

Answer 28

Anterior Choroidal Artery Posterior limb of internal capsule, posterior corona radiata

Question 29

Stroke Syndrome: | Hemianopia

Answer 29

Distal PCA Inferior temporal & occipital

Question 30

Stroke Syndrome: | Alexia without agraphia

Answer 30

Alexia w/out Agraphia Dominant occipital lobe & splenium of corpus callosum

Question 31

Lacunar strokes to the posterior limb of the internal capsule or thalamus can cause what 2 major symptoms?

Answer 31

Contralateral hemiparesis & hemisensory loss

Question 32

Lacunar Stroke: | Contralateral hemisensory loss with hemibody pain

Answer 32

Dejerine-Roussy Thalamus

Question 33

Stroke Syndrome: | Agraphia, acalculia, right-left confusion, finger agnosia, ideomotor apraxia

Answer 33

Gerstmann Dominant hemisphere angular gyrus area