Pyschology Flashcards
Characteristics of REM sleep
Rapid eye movement
Vivid dreams
Irregular breathing
Right hemisphere of the brain
Creativity, face recognition, interpreting emotions
Left side of brain
Language, logic, speech, comprehension
Jet lag
Crossing of time zones disrupts internal clock
What areas do cognitive psychologist study?
Mental process like memory, attention, language, and problem-solving
Correct order of processes in the reflex arc
Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neurons
Integration center
Motor neuron
Effectors
Thalamus
Is responsible for the integrating sensory information like the 5 senses
What are sensory neurons and what’s their function?
Nerve cells that are responsible for converting external stimuli into internal electrical impulses
Amygdala
Is responsible for experiencing and processing fear
Fight or flight
Is activated when the sympathetic nervous system is activated
What happens when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated?
Rest and digest, it helps to calm and relax the body
What are amphetamines and why might they be prescribed?
Stimulus that boost brain activity often prescribed for ADHD
Activation synthesis theory
A theory that dreams are a result of random neural activity
Consolidation theory
Theory that dreams are because of memory consolidation
Insomnia
Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
Sleep apnea
It disorder where you pause in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep
Narcolepsy
Sleep disorder with excessive daytime, sleepiness, and sudden episodes of weakness
What is a super taster?
When someone has a heightened sense of taste
Transduction
When sensory stimuli are converted to electrical signals like vision when light hits the photo receptors in the eye which convert into signals into a brain
Opponent process theory of color vision
Red and green
Blue and yellow
Black and white
What psychological in cognitive functions involve acetylcholine
Memory and learning, attention, arousal, muscle activation
Growth mindset
Believe that learning can be developed through hard work
Fixed mindset
Intelligence can’t be developed
How does the context in which information is learned affect memory recall?
When learning environment, and recall environment are similar, enhances the recall
What is Alzheimer’s disease and symptoms?
Neuro degenerative disorder, affects memory, thinking behavior. The symptoms are memory, loss, confusion, and difficulty language.
semantic encoding
Understanding things at a deeper level
Example is remembering the meaning of a word rather than the sound and appearance
Because it’s processing info in a deeper level
Functional fixedness
Only using objects for intended use
The forgetting curve
Shows how we loose info without reinforcement
Implicit memory
Long term memory that doesn’t require thought
Procedural memory
Memory of how to perform tasks like riding a bike
Prospective memory
Remember to perform a task in the future like a scheduled meeting for later
Semantic memory
General knowledge and facts like what state you live in
Divided attention
Ability to focus on multiple things
Selective attention
able to focus on 1 specific task
Closure
Your mind can fill in the blank
Cultural schema and memory
How you interpolate things based on cultural normals like valuing family
procedural set
Perform tasks based on previous knowledge on how to do them
Effects of Lacking Long-Term Potentiation
Can lead to difficulties forming and remembering my new memories
Heuristics:
mental Short cuts that help us
Make decisions and Solve problems fast
serial position affects
Remembering first and last items on a list implies placement in sequence afffects recall
Multiple intelligence
There are different types of intelligence that different people ahve
Flynn affect
A rise in IQ based on based on living conditions
Validity
See accuracy and appropriateness of tests to assure its measuring what it’s supposed to
Construct validity
Tells how well a test measures what it’s supposed to
Predictive validity
To de show well a tests predicts future performance like SAT
Test retest reliability
Constancy of test results the same people take a test multiple times
IQ calculations
Estimated intelligence based on performance
Biological preparedness
Easier for a living things to develop based on change overtime
Extinction in classical conditioning
The conditioned response fades away after not being reinforced for a while
Cognitive map
Mental representation of a layout of an environment
Habituation
An organism becomes less responsive to a repeated stimulous overtime
Unconditioned stimulous
A thing that triggers unconditioned response
Unconditioned response
Reaction to trigger
Conditioned stimulus
The thing that triggers the new conditioned response
Conditioned response
Learned reaction
Learned helplessness
When someone feels they can’t control something so they give up
Stimulus generalization
When a someone has been taught to do something when notified by trigger
Latent learning
Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement like learning they way to school
Positive reinforcement
Adding a stimulus for good behavior
Negative reinforcement
Taking away a stimulus for bad behavior
Positive punishment
Giving something bad to decrease bad behavior
Negative punishment
Taking away something good to decrease bad behavior
